Role of antioxidants in the prevention of cancer

Authors

  • Laura Llacuna Estudis de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona
  • Núria Mach Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Lelystad

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.16.1.102

Keywords:

Cancer, Free radicals, Antioxidant, Lysozyme, Glutathione

Abstract

The nature of the association between free radicals and cancer is complex and paradoxical, as it seems that free radicals and oxidative stress can induce cancer, but at the same time the transformed cells, that is, the cancer cells generate more free radicals than normal cells. Endogenous antioxidant compounds, including glutathione and lysozyme, can limit the effects of oxidative stress, but these systems can be quickly saturated by high amounts of free radicals. It is important to increase the cellular levels of antioxidants that could provide protection against possible adverse agents that can cause a cell cancer. A good diet and the knowledge of several compounds of foods with antioxidant effects may be helpful to prevent cancer disease.

References

Adachi M, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Minami T, Kawamura R, Hinoda Y, et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:3853-62.

Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Kunnumakara AB, et al. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharm Res. 2008;25:2097-116.

Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. The genetic basis of human cancer 2.a ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 5.

Irigaray P, Newby JA, Clapp R, et al. Lifestyle-related factors and environmental agents causing cancer: an overview. Biomed Pharmacother. 2007;61:640-58.

Matill HA. Antioxidants. Annu Rev Biochem. 1947;16:177-92.

Roche E, Romero D. Estrés oxidativo y degradación de proteínas. Med Clin (Barc). 1994;103:189-96.

Cotran RS, et al. Patología estructural y funcional. 5.a ed. Mc-Graw-Hill/Interamericana.

Martins MA, et al. Interaction between infl ammation and systemic haematologic effect of PAF-acether in the rat. L Pharmacol. 1989;36:333-60.

Jiménez S. Antioxidantes y RL en el tabaquismo. Buenos Aires: Solo-Mujeres; 2003.

Knight J. Free radicals: their history and current status in aging and disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 28:331-46.

Coulter I, Hardy M, Morton S, Hilton L, Tu W, Valentine D, et al. Antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E for the prevention and treatment of cancer. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;21:735-44.

Hirota K, Murata M, Sachi Y, Nakamura H, Takeuchi J, Mori K, et al. Distinct roles of thioredoxin in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. A two-step mechanism of redox regulation of transcription factor NF-κB. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:27891-7.

Perez-Galan P, Roue G, Villamar N, Campo E, Colomer D. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces apoptosis in mantlecell lymphoma through generation of ROS and Noxa activation independent of p53 status. Blood. 2006;107:257-64.

Atalla S, Toledo-Pereya LH, McKenzie GH, Cederna JP. Influence of oxygen-derived free scavengers. Transplantation. 1985;40:584-90.

McWen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jan 15;338(3):171-9.

De Ross AJ, et al. Cancer incident among Glyphosate-Exposed Pesticida Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:49-54.

Shimosawa T. [Increasing oxidative stress in aging]. Nippon Rinsho. 2005;63:994-9.

Southern PA, Powis G. Medicine. II. Involvement in human disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994;63:390-404.

Altamar J. Herbicidas y Malf. Congén. en el Meta, Colombia. Actividad Patogénica de los RL. Orinoquia, Villavicencio, Colombia, 2002; 6:9-35.

Guyton AC, et al. Tratado de Fisiología. 9.a ed. México: Mc-Graw-Hill/Interamericana; 1997.

Villa Pérez M. RL de O2 y la enfermedad. Conferencia en la VI Reunión del Grupo Español de RL. Cádiz, 26-28 de Junio de 2002.

De Ross AJ, et al. Cancer incidente among Glyphosate-Exposed Pesticida Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:49-54.

Hallivell B. Current review. Free reactive oxygen species human disease, a critical evaluation with special reference to aterosclerosis. B Exp Path. 1995;70:737-57.

Wallace DC. A mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degenerative diseases, aging, and cancer: a dawn for evolutionary medicine. Annu Rev Genet. 2005;39:359-407.

Petros JA, Baumann AK, Ruiz-Pesini E, Amin MB, Sun CQ, Hall J, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:719-24.

Szatrowski TP, Nathan CF. Cancer Res. 1991;51:794-8.

Schumacker P. Reactive oxygen species in cancer cells: Live by the sword, die by the sword. Cancer Cell. 2006;10:175-6.

Bertout JA, Patel SA, Simon MC. The impact of O2 availability on human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8:967-75.

Rankin EB, Giaccia AJ. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in tumorogenesis. Cell Death Differ. 2008;15:678-85.

Denko NC. Hypoxia, HIF1 and glucosa metabolism in the solid tumor. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8:705-13.

Guzy RD, Hoyos B, Robin E, et al. Mitochondrial complex III is required for hypoxia-induced ROS production and cellular oxygen sensing. Cell Metab. 2005;1:401-8.

Lluis JM, Buricchi F, Chiarugi P, Morales A, Fernandez-Checa JC. Dual role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in hypoxia signaling: activation of nuclear factor-kappa B via c-SRC and oxidant-dependent cell death. Cancer Res. 2007;67:7368-77.

Han D, Hanawa N, Saberi B, Kaplowitz N. Mechanisms of liver injury. Role of glutathione redox status in liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006;291:G1-7.

Altamar J. The role of lysozime on etiopathogenesis and treatment on juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. Otolaryngol Torino. 1998;44:17-20.

Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Bjelakovic M, Nagorni A, Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for liver diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(3):CD007749.

Cranganu A, Camporeale J. Nutrition aspects of lung cancer. Nutr Clin Pract. 2009;24:688-700.

Persson C, Sasazuki S, Inoue M, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Miura T, et al. Plasma levels of carotenoids, retinol and tocopherol and the risk of gastric cancer in Japan: a nested case-control study. Carcinogenesis. 2008;29:1042-8.

Charniot JC, Vignat N, Albertini JP, Bogdanova V, Zerhouni K, Monsuez JJ, et al. Oxidative stress in patients with acute heart failure. Rejuvenation Res. 2008;11:393-8.

Eledrisi MS, McKinney K, Shanti MS. Vitamin A toxicity [citado 2 Sep 2009]. Disponible en: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/126104-overview

Litwack G. Vitamin A. Vitamins and hormones. Elsevier; 2007.

Wilson LG. The clinical defi nition of scurvy and the discovery of vitamin C. J Hist Med. 1975;40-60.

Challem JJ, Taylor EW. Retroviruses, ascorbate, and mutations, in the evolution of Homo sapiens. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1998;25:130-2.

Bánhegyi G, Braun L, Csala M, Puskás F, Mandl J. Ascorbate metabolism and its regulation in animals. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1997;23:793-803.

Villamor E, Koulinska IN, Aboud S, Murrin C, Bosch RJ, Manji KP, et al. Effect of vitamin supplements on HIV shedding in breast milk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:881-6.

Huang J, Agus DB, Winfree CJ, Kiss S, Mack WJ, McTaggart RA, et al. Dehydroascorbic acid, a blood-brain barrier transportable form of vitamin C, mediates potent cerebroprotection in experimental stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2001;98:11720-4.

Ichim TE, Minev B, Braciak T, Luna B, Hunninghake R, Mikirova NA, et al. Intravenous ascorbic acid to prevent and treat cancer-associated sepsis? J Transl Med. 2011;9:25.

Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington: National Academy Press; 2000.

Rosenberg H, Feldzamen AN. The book of vitamin therapy. New York: Berkley; 1974.

Balendiran GK, Dabur R, Fraser D. The role of glutathione in cancer. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004;22:343-52.

Pompella A, Visvikis A, Paolicchi A, De Tata V, Casini AF. The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;66:1499-503.

Bounous G, Gold P. The biological activity of undenatured dietary whey proteins: role of glutathione. Clin Invest Med. 1991;14:296-309.

Meister A, Yaniguchi N, Higashi T, Sakamoto Y. Glutathione centennial. San Diego: Academic Press; 1989. p. 3-21.

Griffi th O, Meister A. Potent and specifi c inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine. J Biol Chem. 1979;254:7558-60.

Meister A. Glutathione metabolism. Methods Enzymol Rev. 1995;251:3-7.

Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, Lupton JR, Turner ND. Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health. J Nutr. 2004;134:489-92.

Cooper A. Biochemistry of sulfur-containing amino acids. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:187-222.

Wahllander A, Soboll A, Sies H. Hepatic mitochondrial and cytosolic glutathione content and the subcellular distribution of GSH-S- transferases. FEBS Lett. 1975;97:138-40.

García-Ruiz C, Morales A, Colell A, Ballesta A, Rodés J, Kaplowitz N, et al. Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on glutathione and functional integrity of mitochondria in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes. J Clin Invest. 1994;94:193-201.

Sa G, Das T, Moon C, et al. GD3, an overexpressed tumor-derived ganglioside, mediates apoptosis of activated but not resting T cells. Cancer Res. 2009;69:3095-104.

Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, Lauterburg BH. The systemic availability of oral glutathione. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;43:667-9.

Liber CS. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine: its role in the treatment of liver disorders. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:S1183-7.

Vendemiale G, Altomare E, Trizio T, Le Grazie C, Di Padova C, Salerno MT, et al. Effects of oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine on hepatic glutathione in patients with liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1989;24:407-15.

Loguercio C, Nardi G, Argenzio F, Aurilio C, Petrone E, Grella A, et al. Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine administration on red blood cell cysteine and glutathione levels in alcoholic patients with and without liver disease. Alcohol Alcohol. 1994;29:597-604.

Gross CL, Innace JK, Hovatter RC, Meier HL, Smith WJ. Biochemical manipulation of intracellular glutathione levels infl uences cytotoxicity to isolated human lymphocytes by sulfur mustard. Cell Biol. 1993;9:259-67.

Moreno YF, Sgarbieri VC, Da Silva MN, Toro AA, Vilela MM. Features of whey protein concentrate supplementation in children with rapidly progressive HIV infection. J Trop Pediatr. 2006;52:34-8.

Grey V, Mohammed SR, Smountas AA, Bahlool R, Lands LC. Improved glutathione status in young adult patients with cystic fibrosis supplemented with whey protein. J Cyst Fibros. 2003;2:195-8.

Micke P, Beeh KM, Buhl R. Effects of long-term supplementation with whey proteins on plasma glutathione levels of HIVinfected patients. Eur J Nutr. 2002;41:12-8.

Bounous G, Baruchel S, Falutz J, Gold P. Whey proteins as a food supplement in HIV-seropositive individuals. Clin Invest Med. 1993;16:204-9.

Shay KP, Moreau RF, Smith EJ, Smith AR, Hagen TM. Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1790:1149-60.

Busse E, Zimmer G, Schopohl B, Kornhuber B. Infl uence of alpha-lipoic acid on intracellular glutathione in vitro and in vivo. Arzneimittelforschung. 1992;42:829-31.

Barlow-Walden LR, Reiter RJ, Abe M, Pablos M, Menendez-Pelaez A, Chen LD, et al. Melatonin stimulates brain glutathione peroxidase activity. Neurochem Int. 1995;26:497-502.

Nencini C, Giorgi G, Micheli L. Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain. Phytomedicine. 2007;14:129-35.

Valenzuela A, Aspillaga M, Vial S, Guerra R. Selectivity of silymarin on the increase of the glutathione content in different tissues of the rat. Planta Med. 1989;55:420-2.

[sede web]. Immunocal Powder Sachets patient advice including side effects. Disponible en: http://www.drugs.com/drp/immunocal-powder-sachets.html

Herzenberg LA, De Rosa SC, Dubs JG, Roederer M, Anderson MT, Ela SW, et al. Glutathione defi ciency is associated with impaired survival in HIV disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:1967-72.

Han YH, Park WH. The effects of N-acetyl cysteine, buthionine sulfoximine, diethyldithiocarbamate or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on antimycin A-treated Calu-6 lung cells in relation to cell growth, reactive oxygen species and glutathione. Oncol Rep. 2009;22:385-91.

Chow HH, Hakim IA. Modulation of human glutathione s-transferases by polyphenone intervention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:1662-6.

Balendiran GK, Dabur R, Fraser D. The role of glutathione in cancer. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004;22:343-52.

Jomova K, Jenisova Z, Feszterova M, Baros S, Liska J, Hudecova D, et al. Arsenic: toxicity, oxidative stress and human disease. J Appl Toxicol. 2011;31:95-107.

Ambrozova G, Pekarova M, Lojek A. The effect of lipid peroxidation products on reactive oxygen species formation and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011;25:145-52.

Rammal H, Bouayed J, Younos C, Soulimani R. Evidence that oxidative stress is linked to anxiety-related behaviour in mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2008;22:1156-9.

Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:1767-76.

Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Liu Y, Rimm EB. A prospective study of tomato products, lycopene, and prostate cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94:391-6.

Woodside J, McCall D, McGartland C, Young I. Micronutrients: dietary intake v. supplement use. Proc Nutr Soc. 2005;64:543-53.

Cao G, Prior R. Comparison of different analytical methods for assessing total antioxidant capacity of human serum. Clin Chem. 1998;44 (6 Pt 1):1309-15.

Marshall K. Therapeutic applications of whey protein. Altern Med Rev. 2004;9:136-56.

Pocernich CB, Bader Lange ML, Sultana R, Butterfi eld DA. Nutritional approaches to modulate oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011;8:452-69.

Lee KJ, Choi CY, Chung YC, Kim YS, Ryu SY, Roh SH, et al. Protective effect of saponins derived from roots of Platycodon grandifl orum on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Lett. 2004;147:271-82.

Banni M, Chouchene L, Said K, Kerkeni A, Messaoudi I. Mechanisms underlying the protective effect of zinc and selenium against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in zebrafi sh Danio rerio. Biometals. 2011.

Kim JH, Kim BW, Kwon HJ, Nam SW. Curative effect of selenium against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011;21:400-4.

Published

2011-11-08

How to Cite

Llacuna, L., & Mach, N. (2011). Role of antioxidants in the prevention of cancer. Spanish Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 16(1), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.16.1.102