Tomografía computarizada a nivel de C3 y dinamometría como técnicas de diagnóstico de sarcopenia en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.24.2.927Palabras clave:
Tomografía, Vértebras Cervicales, Músculos del Cuello, Fuerza Muscular, Dinamómetro de Fuerza Muscular, Sarcopenia, Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello.Resumen
Introducción: Estudio piloto que determina el diagnóstico de sarcopenia mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) a nivel de la tercera vértebra cervical (C3) y dinamometría en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Comparación de la masa magra (MM) determinada mediante TC con técnicas clásicas de antropometría y dinamometría.Material y métodos: Se analizó la MM y el tejido adiposo mediante TC a nivel de C3 en 37 pacientes oncológicos mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH). Posteriormente, se calculó el índice musculoesquelético (IME) y se determinó la fuerza prensora de mano para la determinación de sarcopenia. Por último, se comparó el IME mediante técnicas de valoración antropométrica clásica y dinamometría.
Resultados: El 59,46% de los pacientes presentaron un IME (cm2/m2) disminuido, el 64,86% dinapenia, el 54,05% sarcopenia, el 32,43% sarcopenia dentro del sobrepeso y obesidad. Por otro lado, la media de la masa grasa intermuscular fue 6,69 (3,8) cm2, y la masa grasa intramuscular 2,06 (1,11) cm2. Además, se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la fuerza tanto en la mano fuerte (estimado = 0,412, IC95% [0,219; 0,605], p-valor <0,001) como en la mano débil (estimado =0,289, IC95% [0,123; 0,454], p-valor <0,001) y el IME cm2/m2. Respecto a la circunferencia muscular braquial), no alcanzamos a mostrar correlación positiva.
Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra que en el paciente con cáncer de cabeza y cuello la prevalencia de sarcopenia es elevada. Además, la depleción muscular evaluada mediante TC a nivel de C3 y dinamometría presenta cierta correlación, por lo que, aquellos pacientes con mayor depleción muscular a nivel de C3 presentan menor funcionalidad.
Citas
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