La nutrición en el periodo preconcepcional y los resultados del embarazo: revisión bibliográfica y propuesta de intervención del Dietista-Nutricionista
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.20.1.143Palabras clave:
Fisiología nutricional durante el embarazo, Embarazo, Resultados del embarazo, Intervención médica temprana, Intervención dietéticonutricional, Complementos alimenticios, Dieta, alimentos y nutriciónResumen
El estado nutricional de la madre antes y durante el embarazo se constata en los últimos años como uno de los factores ambientales más influyentes en el desarrollo fetal. Este estudio se centra en las primeras fases del proceso de gestación o periodo periconcepcional: preconcepción, concepción, implantación, placentación y embriogénesis; puesto que representan un paso crítico en los resultados del embarazo. Tras una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de 66 investigaciones publicadas entre los años 1990 y 2015, fueron el zinc, el hierro, el yodo, los ácidos grasos omega-3, el ácido fólico y otras vitaminas del grupo B, los minerales y micronutrientes para los que se han encontrado mayor evidencia de una relación positiva con el desarrollo de la descendencia. Se propone en este estudio el planteamiento de una intervención dietética por parte del Dietista-Nutricionista, tanto individual como colectiva, en el periodo preconcepcional en las mujeres en edad fértil y/o con intenciones de embarazo, pudiéndose continuar dicha intervención en los periodos de gestación, lactancia, postparto e incluso en la descendencia, reportando beneficios a largo plazo y que probablemente se mantengan y manifiesten durante toda la vida del individuo.Citas
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