Estudio transversal de medición de la composición corporal en pacientes con cáncer mediante antropometría y técnicas de imagen médica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.23.3.724Palabras clave:
Tomografía, Radioterapia, Composición Corporal, Desnutrición.Resumen
Introducción: Analizar la composición corporal tanto mediante técnicas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos clásicos, como mediante técnicas modernas utilizando tomografía computarizada (TC), en pacientes oncológicos antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia.
Metodología: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva 22 pacientes con diversos tumores del aparato digestivo, que fueron sometidos al TC de planificación antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia, y que disponían de un corte axial en la tercera vértebra lumbar. Para analizar la composición corporal, se determinaron tanto parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos clásicos, como la determinación de la masa muscular mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH).
Resultados: En cuanto a las características antropométricas clásicas, el peso medio fue 65,19 (±12,72) Kg, IMC 23,74 (± 5,03) kg/m2, %pp 15,84 (±10,87) %, PT 9,73 (± 5,08) mm y CMB 22,81 (± 2,95) cm. En cuanto a los parámetros bioquímicos, la hipoalbuminemia estuvo presente en el 63,45% de los casos. Por otro lado, la medición de composición corporal mediante técnicas modernas, determinó un promedio de circunferencia de cintura de 99,06 (±13,38) cm, MM de 119,41 (±35,54) cm2, y la media del IME fue de 71,50 (±20.57) cm2/m2; estando por debajo de la normalidad en el 13,64% de los pacientes.
Conclusiones: Las nuevas técnicas por imagen basadas en cortes TC, pueden incluirse en la rutina diaria del paciente oncológico como información adicional a los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos más clásicos, por ser una técnica sencilla de realizar, con bajo coste, reproducible y muy fiable en cuanto a determinación de composición corporal.Citas
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