Nutritional status of students of primary and secondary education of Valencia and the relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean Diet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.18.2.65Keywords:
Overweight, Obesity, Food services, Catering, School, School canteens, Health Education, Food education, Nutrition education, Mediterranean DietAbstract
Introduction: Childhood obesity is reaching very high in the Spanish pediatric population favouring obesity in adults. To know the nutritional status of students from six schools in the province of Valencia and its degree of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD).
Material and methods: Cross-sectional study that included 777 students, 49.9% were boys and 50.1% girls aged between 8 and 16 years. Weight and height of each participant was determined and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. From the Z-score BMI was calculated. KIDMED test was used to study the degree of adherence to the MD.
Results: The prevalence of overweight was 14.5 % and 10.0% obese. A total of 53.3%, 30.1% and 16.6% of the whole sample showed a high, medium and low adherence to the MD, respectively. Age, sex and nutritional status were evaluated according to the adherence to the MD. Chi-squared analysis indicated significant association between academic course and nutritional status with the adherence to the MD. Being older and having a higher BMI supposed lower adherence to the MD.
Conclusions: We confirmed that the adherence to the MD has significant association with the nutritional status of young people, worsening with increasing age. These results corroborate the need to re-learn eating habits.
References
Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Danaei G, Lin JK, Paciorek CJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants. Lancet. 2011; 377(9765): 557-67.
Kelly T, Yang W, Chen CS, Reynolds K, He J. Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 32(9): 1431-7.
Petry NM, Barry D, Pietrzak RH, Wagner JA. Overweight and obesity are associated with psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosom Med. 2008; 70(3): 288-97.
Balakrishnan PL. Identification of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014; 61(1):1 53-71.
Tobisch B, Blatniczky L, Barkai L. Cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents: relation to puberty. Pediatr Obes. 2013. Nov 13.
Carrascosa LA, Fernandez Garcia JM, Fernandez RC, Ferrandez LA, Lopez-Siguero JP, Sanchez GE, et al. [Spanish crosssectional growth study 2008. Part II. Height, weight and body mass index values from birth to adulthood]. An Pediatr (Barc). 2008; 68(6): 552-69.
de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007; 85(9): 660-7.
Serra-Majem L, Ribas L, Ngo J, Ortega RM, Garcia A, Perez-Rodrigo C, et al. Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr. 2004; 7(7): 931-5.
Serra ML, Ribas BL, Aranceta BJ, Perez RC, Saavedra SP, Pena QL. [Childhood and adolescent obesity in Spain. Results of the enKid study (1998-2000)]. Med Clin (Barc). 2003; 121(19): 725-32.
da Vico L, Agostini S, Brazzo S, Biffi B, Masini ML. [Mediterranean diet: not only food]. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2012; 78(3): 148-54.
Perez-Farinos N, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Dal Re MA, Villar C, Labrado E, Robledo T, et al. The ALADINO study: a national study of prevalence of overweight and obesity in Spanish children in 2011. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 163687.
Farajian P, Risvas G, Karasouli K, Pounis GD, Kastorini CM, Panagiotakos DB, et al. Very high childhood obesity prevalence and low adherence rates to the Mediterranean diet in Greek children: the GRECO study. Atherosclerosis. 2011; 217(2): 525-30.
Sahingoz SA, Sanlier N. Compliance with Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) and nutrition knowledge levels in adolescents. A case study from Turkey. Appetite. 2011; 57(1): 272-7.
Mariscal-Arcas M, Rivas A, Velasco J, Ortega M, Caballero AM, Olea-Serrano F. Evaluation of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) in children and adolescents in Southern Spain. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12(9): 1408-12.
Grao-Cruces A, Nuviala A, Fernandez-Martinez A, Porcel-Galvez AM, Moral-Garcia JE, Martinez-Lopez EJ. [Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in rural and urban adolescents of southern Spain, life satisfaction, anthropometry, and physical and sedentary activities]. Nutr Hosp. 2013; 28(4): 1129-35.
Lazarou C, Panagiotakos DB, Matalas AL. Physical activity mediates the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on children’s obesity status: The CYKIDS study. Nutrition. 2010; 26(1): 61-7.
Henriquez SP, Doreste AJ, Lainez SP, Estevez Gonzalez MD, Iglesias VM, Lopez MG, et al. [Prevalence of obesity and overweight in adolescents from Canary Islands, Spain. Relationship with breakfast and physical activity]. Med Clin (Barc ). 2008; 130(16): 606-10.
Aranceta J, Perez-Rodrigo C, Serra-Majem L, Bellido D, de la Torre ML, Formiguera X, et al. Prevention of overweight and obesity: a Spanish approach. Public Health Nutr. 2007; 10(10A): 1187-93.
Gussinyer S, Garcia-Reyna NI, Carrascosa A, Gussinyer M, Yeste D, Clemente M, et al. [Anthropometric, dietetic and psychological changes after application of the “Nin@s en movimiento” program in childhood obesity]. Med Clin (Barc ). 2008; 131(7): 245-9.
Martinez MI, Hernandez MD, Ojeda M, Mena R, Alegre A, Alfonso JL. [Development of a program of nutritional education and valuation of the change of healthful nourishing habits in a population of students of Obligatory Secondary Education]. Nutr Hosp. 2009; 24(4): 504-10.
This journal 