Efficacy of a High-Intensity Interval Training program in corporal variables modification on preadolescent schoolchildren of a school in the city of Temuco, Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.22.2.448Keywords:
Obesity, High-Intensity Interval Training, Adipose Tissue, ChildAbstract
Introduction: High caloric intake and lack of physical activity are causing alarming increases in the amount of overweight and obese children. The objective of this study was to determinate the effectiveness of an High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program in the reduction of fat percentage, improve nutritional status and physical abilities of schoolchildren.
Material and methods: 153 schoolchildren between the ages of 7 and 10 from a subsidized private school in the city of Temuco (Chile), were randomly selected, distributed in an experimental group (EG) who were applied a 12 week HIIT intervention in physical education classes, twice per week and a control group. The percentage of fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis, weight, height, body mass index and functional capacity, were measured before and after the intervention, using the 6-minute walk test.
Results: In EG, the parameters that showed significant improvements (p <0.05) were weight, fat percentage that decreased while the number of meters traveled in the 6-minute test increased. At comparing ages between 7-8 only the weight and the 6- minute test and for the aged between 9-10 years only the weight and meters traveled in the 6-minute test. While it is true that only in EG all variables show a downward trend, except in the size and in the meters traveled in the 6-minute test, only statistically significant differences were obtained in those mentioned previously.
Conclusions: The HIIT program in schoolchildren showed improvement in the parameters related to overweight and obesity, which highlights the importance of including interventions of this type at the school resume of our country.
References
(1) Salinas J, Vio F. PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD EN CHILE. Revista chilena de nutrición. 2002;29(supl. 1):164-73.
(2) Ministerio de Salud - Gobierno de Chile. Encuesta Nacional de Salud ENS Chile 2009-2010. Santiago, Chile: Ministerio de Salud - Gobierno de Chile; 2011. Disponible en: http://web.minsal.cl/portal/url/item/bcb03d7bc28b64dfe040010165012d23.pdf
(3) Lira M. Informe Mapa Nutricional 2013. Santiago, Chile: JUNAEB, Ministerio de Educación - Gobierno de Chile; 2014. Disponible en: https://www.junaeb.cl/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Informe-Mapa-Nutricional-2013.pdf
(4) Hannon TS, Rao G, Arslanian SA. Childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics. 2005;116(2):473-80.
(5) Nguyen NT, Nguyen X-MT, Wooldridge JB, Slone JA, Lane JS. Association of obesity with risk of coronary heart disease: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010;6(5):465-9.
(6) Díaz E, Saavedra C. Desarrollo y validación de metodología de evaluación de capacidades físicas. Cienc Actividad Física. 2007;1(1):1-7.
(7) Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. J Obes. 2011;2011:868305.
(8) Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol (Lond). 2012;590(5):1077-84.
(9) Whyte LJ, Gill JMR, Cathcart AJ. Effect of 2 weeks of sprint interval training on health-related outcomes in sedentary overweight/obese men. Metab Clin Exp. 2010;59(10):1421-8.
(10) Gibala MJ, McGee SL. Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2008;36(2):58-63.
(11) Orhan S. A Study of the Effect of Two Training Types (Endurance and Sprint) on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Fat in Male and Female Students. Ann Biol Res. 2012;3(1):231-5.
(12) Velasquez RAC. Declaración de Helsinki de la Asociación Médica Mundial - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. Seúl, octubre de 2008. J Oral Res. 2013;2(1):42-4.
(13) Stewart A, Marfell-Jones M. International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. ISAK, editor. Potchefstroom, Sudáfrica: International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry; 2006.
(14) World Health Organization. Chapter 7. Computation of centiles and Z-scores for length/height- for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and BMI-for-age. En: WHO child growth standards: length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age : methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006. p. 301-4. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/Chap_7.pdf
(15) Ministerio de Salud - Gobierno de Chile. Norma para la Evaluación nutricional de niños, niñas y adolescentes de 5 años a 19 años de edad. Santiago, Chile: MINSAL; 2016. Disponible en: https://www.previenesalud.cl/assets/PDF/normas/2016-norma-evaluacion-nutricional.pdf
(16) Martínez-Rodríguez A, Aix-Sánchez J, Martínez-Sanz JM, Leyva-Vela B. Evaluación de la condición física, práctica deportiva y estado nutricional de niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años: Estudio piloto. Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética. 2017;21(1):3-10.
(17) Skinner AC, Steiner MJ, Perrin EM. Self-reported energy intake by age in overweight and healthy-weight children in NHANES, 2001-2008. Pediatrics. 2012;130(4):e936-942.
(18) Swinburn B, Wood A. Progress on obesity prevention over 20 years in Australia and New Zealand. Obes Rev. 2013;14(Suppl 2):60-8.
(19) Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R, IASO International Obesity TaskForce. Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. Obes Rev. 2004;5(Suppl 1):4-104.
(20) Tremblay MS, Gray CE, Akinroye K, Harrington DM, Katzmarzyk PT, Lambert EV, et al. Physical activity of children: a global matrix of grades comparing 15 countries. J Phys Act Health. 2014;11(Suppl 1):S113-125.
(21) Dias KA, Coombes JS, Green DJ, Gomersall SR, Keating SE, Tjonna AE, et al. Effects of exercise intensity and nutrition advice on myocardial function in obese children and adolescents: a multicentre randomised controlled trial study protocol. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e010929.
(22) Racil G, Ben Ounis O, Hammouda O, Kallel A, Zouhal H, Chamari K, et al. Effects of high vs. moderate exercise intensity during interval training on lipids and adiponectin levels in obese young females. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(10):2531-40.
(23) Murphy A, Kist C, Gier AJ, Edwards NM, Gao Z, Siegel RM. The feasibility of high-intensity interval exercise in obese adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2015;54(1):87-90.
(24) Izquierdo M, Ibañez J, González-Badillo JJ, Häkkinen K, Ratamess NA, Kraemer WJ, et al. Differential effects of strength training leading to failure versus not to failure on hormonal responses, strength, and muscle power gains. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100(5):1647-56.
(25) Gibala M. Molecular responses to high-intensity interval exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009;34(3):428-32.
(26) Talanian JL, Galloway SDR, Heigenhauser GJF, Bonen A, Spriet LL. Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102(4):1439-47.
(27) Alarcón M, Delgado P, Castillo L, Thuiller N, Bórquez P, Sepúlveda C, et al. Efectos de 8 semanas de entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad sobre los niveles de glicemia basal, perfil antropométrico y VO2 máx de jóvenes sedentarios con sobrepeso u obesidad. Nutr Hosp. 2016;33(2):284-8.
(28) Alvarez C, Ramírez R, Flores M, Zúñiga C, Celis-Morales CA. Efectos del ejercicio físico de alta intensidad y sobrecarga en parámetros de salud metabólica en mujeres sedentarias, pre-diabéticas con sobrepeso u obesidad. Rev Med Chil. 2012;140(10):1289-96.
(29) Mancilla R, Torres P, Álvarez C, Schifferli I, Sapunar J, Díaz E. Ejercicio físico interválico de alta intensidad mejora el control glicémico y la capacidad aeróbica en pacientes con intolerancia a la glucosa. Rev Med Chil. 2014;142(1):34-9.
(30) Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. 2005;115(1):22-7.
(31) World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010.. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2011. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf
This journal 