Nutritional relations: from nutritional equivalent to exchange lists
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.21.3.195Keywords:
Diet, Food, and Nutrition, Nutritional Requirements, Food.Abstract
This review deals with the evolution of the concepts associated with the nutritional equivalence of food, since the introduction of the so-called "hay equivalent" by Thaer (1809) to the exchange lists published from the 40s of XX century by the American Diabetes Association and the American Dietetic Association. While initially the concept came from the field of animal nutrition, improving knowledge on the physiological and metabolic processes involved in human nutrition, food chemistry and nutritional and caloric needs of individuals, demonstrated their usefulness in the development of diets intended to dietary treatment of certain diseases (diabetes initially) and then to those designed for healthy individuals and population groups .References
(1) Tyler C. The Development of Feeding Standards for Livestock. Agric Hist Rev. 1956;4(2):97-107.
(2) Chicco CF, French MH. Estudio de la digestibilidad de los pastos en Venezuela. Planteamiento del problema y antecedentes. 1960;10(1):13-22.
(3) Blaxter K. An historical perspective: the development of methods for assessing nutrient requirements. Proc Nutr Soc. julio de 1986;45(2):177-83.
(4) Flourens P. Éloge historique de François Magendie. París: Garnier Frères; 1858.
(5) Prout W. On the ultimate composition of simple alimentary substances; with some preliminary remarks on the analysis of organized bodies in general. Phil Trans. 1827;CXVII:355-88.
(6) Adrian J, Potus J, Frange R. Les pionniers français de la science alimentaire : leur vie, leurs découvertes. París: Lavoisier Tec & Doc; 1994.
(7) Lecoq H (1802-1871). Traité des plantes fourragères, ou Flore des prairies naturelles et artificielles de la France. París: H. Cousin; 1844.
(8) Sanson MA. Sur la théorie des rations alimentaires. Recueil de médicine veterinaire. Rec Med Vet Ec Alfort. 1869;5(2):10.
(9) Morat JP, Doyon M. Traité de physiologie,. Paris: Masson; 1899.
(10) Laulanié F. Éléments de physiologie,. Paris: Asselin et Houzeau; 1905.
(11) Brock WH. Justus von Liebig: the chemical gatekeeper. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press; 2002.
(12) Carpenter KJ. Edward Smith (1819-1874). J Nutr. octubre de 1991;121(10):1515-21.
(13) Harper AE. Origin of Recommended Dietary Allowances--an historic overview. Am J Clin Nutr. enero de 1985;41(1):140-8.
(14) Landois L. Traite de physiologie humaine. Francia: C. Reinwald; 1893.
(15) Sáenz Díez M. Memoria premiada por la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales ... sobre el tema cuyo enunciado es «Estudiar los alimentos que consume la clase labradora y los braceros en algunas de las provincias de España ...» Madrid: Imp. de la Viuda é Hijos de D.E. Aguado; 1878.
(16) Anónimo. Ciencias Médicas: Sumario. El Serpis: periódico de la mañana. Año II, Número 314. 21 de mayo de 1879;3.
(17) Tamin O. Alimentation du cerveau et des nerfs. Paris: A. Delahaye; 1873.
(18) Raimbert L-A. Notions d’hygiène : suivi d’un appendice contenant l’hygiène des âges et des tempéraments, les signes de la mort, les équivalents nutritifs, etc. Paris: C. Delagrave; 1879.
(19) Rochard J. Traité d’hygiène publique et privée. Paris: L. Bataille; 1895.
(20) Beaunis H-É. Nouveaux éléments de physiologie humaine : comprenant les principes de la physiologie comparée et de la physiologie générale. Paris: J.-B. Baillière et fils; 1876.
(21) Arnould J. Nouveaux éléments d’hygiène. Deuxième partie, Vêtement, aliments et boissons, exercice et repos, soins corporels, hygiène spéciale, organisation de l’hygiène publique et législation sanitaire. 4ª ed. Paris: J.-B. Baillière et fils; 1902.
(22) Maynard LA. Wilbur O. Atwater--a biographical sketch (May 3, 1844-October 6, 1907). J Nutr. 1962;78:3-9.
(23) Coblentz WW. Edward Bennett Rosa, 1861-1921. Biogr Mem Natl Acad Sci. 1934;XVI(8):353-68.
(24) Maynard LA. Francis Gano Benedict--a biographical sketch (1870-1957). J Nutr. 1969;98(1):1-8.
(25) Atwater WO. Foods: nutritive value and cost. USDA Farmer’s Bulletin. 1894;23.
(26) Atwater WO. Principles of Nutrition and Nutritive Value of Food. USDA Farmer’s Bulletin. 1902;142.
(27) Anónimo. Valor nutritivo de ciertas sustancias alimenticias. El semanario católico. Año XV, Número 727. 8 de noviembre de 1884;679-80.
(28) Kellner OJ. The scientific feeding of animals,. New York: The Macmillan Company; 1910.
(29) Kriss M. A Comparison of Feeding Standards for Dairy Cows, with Especial Reference to Energy Requirements. J Nutr. 1931;IV(1):141-61.
(30) Remon J. Estudio analítico bromatológico de los subproductos de la fábrica de cerveza. Anal Bromatol. 1954;6(4):455-72.
(31) Hunt CL, Atwater HW. How to select foods. USDA Farmer’s Bulletin. 1917;808.
(32) Vidal G. Trastornos nutritivos del lactante. Barcelona: Manuel Marín; 1930. (Colección Marañón).
(33) Lyon G, Loiseau P. Formulaire Thérapéutique. 3ª ed. París: Masson; 1907.
(34) de Artiñano G. (1916) G. La alimentación. Madrid Científico. 1916;23(882):241-5.
(35) Nigay A (Dr). Le Régime alimentaire des diabétiques. Paris: E. Bougault; 1917.
(36) Williams RD, Wicks L, Bierman HR, Olmsted WH. Carbohydrate values of fruits and vegetables. J Nutr. 1940;19(6):593-604.
(37) Adams G, Chatfield C. Classification of fruits and vegetables according to their carbohydrate content. J Am Diet Assoc. 1935;10(5):383-90.
(38) National Research Council (U S. ) Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended Dietary Allowances. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1943.
(39) Page L, Phipard EF. Essentials of an adequate diet ... facts for nutrition programs. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture; 1956.
(40) Caso EK, Stare FJ. Simplified method for calculating diabetic diets. J Am Med Assoc. 1947;133(3):169-71.
(41) Caso EK. Calculation of diabetic diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 1950;26(8):575-83.
(42) American Diabetes Association, American Dietetic Association. Exchange lists for meal planning. New York; Chicago: American Diabetes Association and American Dietetic Association; 1976.
(43) Slowie LA. Using the new Exchange Lists for instructing patients with diabetes. J Am Diet Assoc. 1977;70(1):59-61.
(44) Wyse BW. Nutrient analysis of Exchange Lists for Meal Planning. I. Variation in nutrient levels. J Am Diet Assoc. 1979;75(3):238-42.
(45) Franz MJ, Barr P, Holler H, Powers MA, Wheeler ML, Wylie-Rosett J. Exchange lists: revised 1986. J Am Diet Assoc. 1987;87(1):28-34.
(46) American Diabetes Assoc & American Dietetic Assoc. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning. American Diabetes Association; 1995.
(47) American Diabetes Association, American Dietetic Association. Exchange lists for meal planning. Alexandria, VA; Chicago, IL: American Diabetes Association and American Dietetic Association; 1995.
(48) Wheeler ML, Franz M, Barrier P, Holler H, Cronmiller N, Delahanty LM. Macronutrient and energy database for the 1995 Exchange Lists for Meal Planning: a rationale for clinical practice decisions. J Am Diet Assoc. 1996;96(11):1167-71.
(49) Wheeler ML. Nutrient database for the 2003 exchange lists for meal planning. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103(7):894-920.
(50) Wheeler ML, Daly A, Evert A, Franz MJ, Geil P, Holzmeister LA, et al. Choose Your Foods: Exchange Lists for Diabetes, Sixth Edition, 2008: Description and Guidelines for Use. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(5):883-8.
(51) Ziemer DC, Berkowitz KJ, Panayioto RM, El-Kebbi IM, Musey VC, Anderson LA, et al. A simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices is as effective as an exchange-based meal plan for urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(6):1719-24.
(52) Ahn H-J, Han K-A, Kwon H-R, Koo B-K, Kim H-J, Park K-S, et al. Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan versus Food Exchange-Based Meal Plan for Weight, Glucose and Lipid Control in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(2):86-94.
(53) Cho JW, Kweon MR, Park YM, Woo MH, Yoo HS, Lim JH, et al. A survey of diabetic educators and patients for the revision of korean food exchange lists. Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(2):173-81.
(54) Shaw DI, Tierney AC, McCarthy S, Upritchard J, Vermunt S, Gulseth HL, et al. LIPGENE food-exchange model for alteration of dietary fat quantity and quality in free-living participants from eight European countries. Br J Nutr. 2009;101(5):750-9.
(55) Weech M, Vafeiadou K, Hasaj M, Todd S, Yaqoob P, Jackson KG, et al. Development of a food-exchange model to replace saturated fat with MUFAs and n-6 PUFAs in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk. J Nutr. 2014;144(6):846-55.
(56) Benezra LM, Nieman DC, Nieman CM, Melby C, Cureton K, Schmidt D, et al. Intakes of most nutrients remain at acceptable levels during a weight management program using the food exchange system. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101(5):554-61.
(57) Mokubo A. [Food exchange lists for meal planning in the patients with diabetic nephropathy]. Nippon Rinsho. 2002;60(Suppl 10):752-7.
(58) Moore C, Gitau R, Goff L, Lewis FJ, Griffin MD, Chatfield MD, et al. Successful manipulation of the quality and quantity of fat and carbohydrate consumed by free-living individuals using a food exchange model. J Nutr. 2009;139(8):1534-40.
(59) Kuroda A, Matsuhisa M. [Medical nutrition therapy using food exchange list and carbohydrate counting]. Nippon Rinsho. 2012;70(Suppl 3):754-8.
(60) Russolillo G, Marques I. Listas de intercambio de alimentos españoles para la confección de dietas y planificación de menús [Trabajo de Investigación de Tesina]. [Pamplona]: Universidad de Navarra; 2007.
(61) Salas-Salvadó J. Nutrición y dietética clínica. 2ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier Masson; 2008.
(62) Jansá M, Roca D, Vidal M. Guía para las personas con diabetes. Bayer Healthcare; 2012.
(63) Vázquez C, Cos AI, López C, Alcaraz F. Alimentación y nutrición: manual teórico-práctico. 2ª ed. Madrid: Díaz de Santos; 2005.
This journal 