Nutritional status, dietary habits and social and health profile of home meal service users for elderly of Vitoria-Gasteiz

Authors

  • Fernando Gómez-Busto Centro Integral de Atención a Mayores San Prudencio, Servicio Municipal de Personas Mayores, Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz.
  • Virginia Andía-Muñoz Centro Integral de Atención a Mayores San Prudencio, Servicio Municipal de Personas Mayores, Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz.
  • Loli Ruiz-de-Alegría Centro Integral de Atención a Mayores San Prudencio, Servicio Municipal de Personas Mayores, Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz.
  • Pilar Rica Centro Integral de Atención a Mayores San Prudencio, Servicio Municipal de Personas Mayores, Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz.
  • Estíbaliz Mogollón Centro Integral de Atención a Mayores San Prudencio, Servicio Municipal de Personas Mayores, Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.18.3.30

Keywords:

Aged, Elderly, Home meals, Home Care Services, Eating habits, Feeding Behavior, Nutritional Status, Social Determinants of Health, Quality of Life, Health Services for the Aged

Abstract

Introduction: The home meals service (HMS) is a little-developed resource in the Basque Country, and is dependent on social services. The aim of this study is to establish the nutritional status, eating habits and main social and healthcare characteristics of the users of this service.

Material and Methods: A descriptive and transversal study carried out in 2 phases: (a) phase 1: an assessment of nutritional status and eating habits using an abbreviated version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment and a questionnaire on food consumption. (b) phase 2: the assessment of the dependency risk at home and quality of life related to health by means of Barber and EuroQoL-5D questionnaires.

Results: Eighty users (35 men, 45 women) fulfilled the criteria for inclusion; average age: 83.62 years (± 5.53). Nutritional status: the prevalence of malnutrition was 11% and that of risk of malnutrition 39%. Eating habits: the meal provided guaranteed a minimal provision of legumes, pasta, rice or potatoes (once or twice a week), fish (once or twice a week), and meat (three or four times a week). In spite of this, the frequency of consumption of vegetables, fish, rice, eggs or meat was less than recommended in over 70% of the group. Social and healthcare profile: 127 users (60 men, 67 women) took part; average age: 83.82 years (± 6.17). Barber’s questionnaire: living alone: 48%; housebound through illness: 20%. Poor hearing: 44%; poor sight: 34%; although: 30% needed help, 95% were receiving support. EuroQoL-5D: Serious problems reported: 4.7% had difficulties with mobility; 7.9% with personal care; 23.6% had problems with carrying out daily activities; 15% reported pain or discomfort; 3.9% anxiety/depression. Perceived health status: 32.3% considered their health to be good or very good, 34,6% fair, and 33% bad or very bad.

Conclusions: The group studied consists of a vulnerable people, with social and health problems and more malnutrition than the older population living at home. In this context, the home meals significantly improves the availability of complex carbohydrates, vegetables and proteins and may be a useful service in helping to keep older people in their homes.

References

Salvá A, Coll-Planas L, Bruce S, De Groot L, Andrieu S, Abellan G, et al. Nutritional assessment of residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs): recommendations of the task force on nutrition and ageing of the IAGG European region and the IANA. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009; 13(6): 475-83.

Salvá Casanovas A. El Mini Nutritional Assessment. Veinte años de desarrollo ayudando a la valoración nutricional. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2012; 47(6): 245-6.

Milá Villarroel R, Formiga F, Duran Alert P, Abellana Sangrá R. Prevalencia de malnutrición en la población anciana española: una revisión sistemática. Med Clin (Barc). 2012; 139(11): 502-8.

Feldblum I, German L, Castel H, Harman-Boehm I, Bilenko N, Eisinger M, Danit R, Shahar DR, et al. Characteristics of undernourished older medical patients and the identification of predictors for undernutrition status. Nutr J. 2007; 6: 37. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-6-37.

Krondl M, Coleman P, Lau D. Helping older adults meet nutritional challenges. J Nutr Elder. 2008; 27(3-4): 205-20.

Marshall TA, Stumbo PJ, Warren JJ, Xie XJ. Inadequate Nutrient intakes are common and are associated with low diet variety in rural community-dwelling elderly. J Nutr. 2001; 131(8): 2192-6.

Lee JS, Fischer JG, Johnson MA. Food insecurity, food and nutrition programs, and aging: experiences from Georgia. J Nutr Elder. 2010; 29(2): 116-49.

Frongillo EA, Tanushree D. Isaacman BS, Claire M. Horan BA, Wethington E, Pillemer K. Adequacy of and satisfaction with delivery and use of home-delivered meals. J Nutr Elder. 2010; 29(2): 211-26.

Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T, et al. Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment shortform (MNA-SF): a practical tool for identification of nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009; 13(9): 782-8.

SPF Santé Publique, Securité de la Chaine Alimentaire et Environnement: Stratégie pour l’Approche transmurale de la problématique alimentaire chez les personnes âgées; 2006. Recommendations of the scientific group of malnutrition experts advising on Belgium’s national food and health plan. Malnutrition screening and nutritional assessment. Disponible en: http://www.health.belgium.be/internet2Prd/groups/public/@public/@dg4/@consumerproducts/documents/ie2divers/19062362.pdf

Aranceta BJ, Pérez Rodrigo C, Muñoz Hornillos M. Hábitos alimentarios de la población anciana española. En: Muñoz M, Aranceta J, Guijarro J (Ed). Libro blanco de la Alimentación de los Mayores. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2007. p. 225-256.

Moreno Guillamont E, Martínez Martínez M. Manual de planificación de dietas en centros sociosanitarios. Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Conselleria de Bienestar Social. 2004.

Muñoz Hornillos M, Zazpe García I, Llanos Marqués L, Rodríguez Masa I. La dieta basal geriátrica. Planificación y protocolo. En: Muñoz M, Aranceta J, Guijarro J (Ed). Libro blanco de la Alimentación de los Mayores. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2006. p. 99-124.

Larizgoitia A, Larizgoitia I. Adaptación a nuestro medio de una encuesta para la detección de ancianos con riesgo de dependencia. Rev Gerontol. 1996; 6:224-31.

Martin-Lesende I, Rodríguez Andrés C. Utilidad del cuestionario de Barber para seleccionar a personas de 75 años o más con riesgo de hospitalización, institucionalización o muerte. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2005;.40:.335-44.

Badía X, Roset M, Monserrat S, Herdman M, Segura A. La versión española del EuroQol: descripción y aplicaciones. Med Clin (Barc). 1999; 112: 79-86.

Herdman M, Badia X, Berra S. El EuroQol-5D: una alternativa sencilla para la medición de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en atención primaria. Aten Primaria. 2001; 28(6): 425-29.

Morley JE. Anorexia of aging: physiologic and pathologic. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 66(4): 760-73.

Duerr L. Food security status of older adult home-delivered meals program participants and components of its measurement. J Nutr Elder. 2006; 26(1-2): 1-26.

Krondl M, Lau D, Coleman P, Stocker G. Tailoring of nutritional support for older adults in community. J Nutr Elder. 2003; 23(2): 17-32.

Martínez Tomé MJ, Rodríguez A, Jiménez AM, Mariscal M, Murcia MA, García-Diz L. Hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de ancianos que viven en una ciudad española del Mediterráneo. Nutr Hosp. 2011; 26(5): 1175-82.

Albert Cuñat V, Maestro Castelblanque M E, Martínez Pérez JA, Santos Altozano C, Monge Jodra V. Hábitos alimentarios en personas mayores de 65 años del Área Sanitaria de Guadalajara, sin deterioro cognitivo y residentes en la comunidad. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2000; 35(4): 197-204.

Sotos Prieto M, Guillen M, Sorlí JV, Asensio EM, Gillem Sáiz P, González JI, et al. Consumo de carne y pescado en población mediterránea española de edad avanzada y alto riesgo cardiovascular. Nutr Hosp. 2011; 26(5): 1033-40.

Aranceta J, SerraMajem L, PérezRodrigo C, Llopis J, Mataix J, Ribas L, et al. Vitamins in Spanish food patterns: The eVe Study. Public Health Nutrition. 2001; 4(6A): 131723.

Ortega RM, Aranceta J, Serra-Majem Ll, Entrala A, Gil A, Mena MC. Nutritional risks in the Spanish population: results of the eVe study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57 (Suppl. 1): S73-S75.

Biesalski H K, Brummer R J, König J, O’Connell M A, Ovesen L, Rechkemmer G, et al. Micronutrient deficiencies. Hohenheim Consensus Conference. Eur J Nutr. 2003; 42(6): 353-63.

Departamento de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación del Gobierno Vasco. Estudio cuantitativo del consumo de alimentos en la CAPV. Fundación Vasca para la Seguridad Agroalimentaria. Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco. Vitoria-Gasteiz; 2008. Disponible en http://www.eurocarne.com/informes/pdf/guia_elika8.pdf

Stevens DA, Grivetti LE, Mc Donald RB. Nutrient intake of urban and rural elderly receiving home-delivered meals. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992; 92(6): 714-8.

Dasgupta M, Sharkey JR, Wu G. Inadequate intakes of indispensable amino acids among homebound adults. J Nutr Elder. 2005; 24(3): 85-99.

Martinez de la Iglesia J, Aguado Taberné C, Afán Alamillo P, Fernández Conde B, Burg Gómez C. Aproximación al estudio nutricional de una población en atención domiciliaria. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2006; 41(6): 321-6.

Sharkey JR. Risk and presence of food insufficiency are associated with low nutrients intakes and multimorbidity among homebound older women who receive home-delivered meals. J Nutr. 2003; 133(11): 3485-91.

Silver HJ, Dietrich MS, Castellanos VH. Increased energy density of the home-delivered lunch meal improves 24-hour nutrient intakes in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008; 108(12): 2084-9.

Roqué M, Salvá A, Bolíbar I, Rivero T. Tendencias en salud percibida y dependencia de la población mayor española: evolución entre los años 1993 y 2006. Med Clin (Barc). 2012;139(7):284-9.

Sancho Castiello M .Estudio sobre las condiciones de vida de las personas mayores de 60 años en la comunidad autónoma. Gizartea Hobetuz. Documentos de Bienestar social Nº 74. Disponible en: http://www.imsersomayores.csic.es/documentos/documentos/sancho-condiciones-01.pdf

Azpiazu M, Cruz Jentoft A, Villagrasa JR, Abanades JC, García Marín N, Alvear F. Factores asociados a mal estado de salud percibido a mala calidad de vida en mayores de 65 años. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2002; 76(6): 683-99.

Casado JM, González N, Moraleda S, Orueta R, Carmona J, Gómez-Calcerrada RM. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes ancianos en atención primaria. Aten Primaria. 2001; 28(3): 167-73.

Gómez Pavón J. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. La punta del iceberg del complejo abordaje de los ancianos muy mayores. Med Clin (Barc). 2010; 135(4): 162-4.

Delgado-Sanz MC, Prieto-Flores ME, Forjaz MJ, Ayala A, Rojo-Perez F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, et al. Influencia de los problemas crónicos de salud en las dimensiones del cuestionario EQ-5D: estudio en personas mayores institucionalizadas y no institucionalizadas. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2011; 85(6): 555-68.

Hofman A, Breteler M, van Duijn CM, Janssen H, Krestin GP, Kuipers EJ, et al. The Rotterdam Study: 2010 objectives and design update. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009; 24(9): 553-72.

Franco ML, Seoane de Lucas A. Características del dolor crónico en el anciano: tratamiento. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2001; 8: 29-38.

Tay T, Wang JJ, Lindley R, Chia EM, Landau P, Ingham N, et al. Sensory impairment, use of community support services, and quality of life in aged care clients. J Aging Health. 2007; 19(2):229-41.

Sørbye LW , Schroll M, Finne-Soveri H, Jonsson P V, Topinkova E, Ljunggren G, et al. Unintended weight loss in the elderly living at home: The aged in home care project (ADHOC). J Nutr Health Aging. 2008; 12(1): 10-6.

Payette H. Nutrition as a determinant of functional autonomy and quality of life in aging: a research program. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005; 83(11): 1061-70.

Ferrer A, Formiga F, Almeda J, Alonso J, Brotons C, Pujol R. Calidad de vida en nonagenarios: género, funcionalidad y riesgo nutricional como factores asociados. Med Clin (Barc). 2010; 134(7): 303-6.

Sharkey JR, Giuliani C, Haines PS, Branch LG, Busby-Whitehead J, Zohoori N. Summary measure of dietary musculoskeletal nutrient (calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and phosphorus) intakes is associated with lower-extremity physical performance in homebound elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77(4): 847-56.

Sharkey JR. Longitudinal examination of homebound older adults who experience heightened food insufficiency: effect of diabetes status and implications for service provision. Gerontologist. 2005; 45(6): 773-82.

Kim K, Frongillo EA. Patterns of food insecurity and participation in food assistance programmes over time in the elderly. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12(11): 2113-9.

Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition, aging and the continuum of care. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000; 100(5): 580-95.

Kamp BJ, Wellman NS, Russell C. Position of the American Dietetic Association, American Society for Nutrition, and Society for Nutrition Education: Food and Nutrition Programs for Community-Residing Older Adults. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2010; 42(2): 72-82.

Normand C, Kamiya Y, Timonen V, Whelan B. Health And Social Care Utilisation. Fifty Plus in Ireland 2011. First Results

from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Disponible en: http://www.tcd.ie/tilda/publications/reports/

Published

2014-03-17

How to Cite

Gómez-Busto, F., Andía-Muñoz, V., Ruiz-de-Alegría, L., Rica, P., & Mogollón, E. (2014). Nutritional status, dietary habits and social and health profile of home meal service users for elderly of Vitoria-Gasteiz. Spanish Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 18(3), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.18.3.30