Is Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Associated with Eating Behaviour and Emotional Appetite in Young Women?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.27.2.1917Keywords:
Mediterranean Diet, Feeding Behavior, AppetiteAbstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) on eating attitudes and emotional appetite in young females aged 18-24.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study (n=306) was conducted on young females. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EMAQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied. Daily food consumption was obtained from the 24-hour- food records and used to calculate the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MAI). The researchers measured the body weight (kg) and height (cm).
Results: Half of the participants (50.7%) have low adherence to the MD, moderate in 25.2%, and high in 24.2%. There is no statistical difference in MAI scores between EAT-26 groups (p>0.05). The dieting status was higher (28.2%) in the disordered eating tendencies group compared to the group without disordered eating tendencies (11.1%) (χ2 =12.490, p<0.001). The scores of the negative total scores were higher in the group with disordered eating risk (p=0.004).
Conclusions: Young females’ low adherence to Mediterranean Diet might be associated with future health problems. No effect of MAI on disordered eating behavior was determined but EMAQ-negative sub and total scores were determined as a component of EAT-26. Early detection of diet quality and conditions associated with emotional eating disorders is thought to be important in preventing future health problems.
References
(1) Martínez-González MA, Sánchez-Villegas A. The emerging role of Mediterranean diets in cardiovascular epidemiology: monounsaturated fats, olive oil, red wine or the whole pattern? Eur J Epidemiol. 2004;19(1):9-13, doi: 10.1023/b:ejep.0000013351.60227.7b.
(2) Davis C, Bryan J, Hodgson J, Murphy K. Definition of the Mediterranean Diet; a Literature Review. Nutrients. 2015;7(11):9139-53, doi: 10.3390/nu7115459.
(3) Trichopoulou A, Martínez-González MA, Tong TY, Forouhi NG, Khandelwal S, Prabhakaran D, et al. Definitions and potential health benefits of the Mediterranean diet: views from experts around the world. BMC Med. 2014;12:112, doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-112.
(4) Hadjimbei E, Botsaris G, Gekas V, Panayiotou AG. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Characteristics of University Students in Cyprus: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:2742841, doi: 10.1155/2016/2742841.
(5) Metro D, Tardugno R, Papa M, Bisignano C, Manasseri L, Calabrese G, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a Sicilian student population. Nat Prod Res. 2018;32(15):1775-81, doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1402317.
(6) Grosso G, Marventano S, Yang J, Micek A, Pajak A, Scalfi L, et al. A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57(15):3218-32, doi: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1107021.
(7) Arcila-Agudelo AM, Ferrer-Svoboda C, Torres-Fernàndez T, Farran-Codina A. Determinants of Adherence to Healthy Eating Patterns in a Population of Children and Adolescents: Evidence on the Mediterranean Diet in the City of Mataró (Catalonia, Spain). Nutrients. 2019;11(4):854, doi: 10.3390/nu11040854.
(8) Peng W, Goldsmith R, Berry EM. Demographic and lifestyle factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to overweight/obesity among Israeli adolescents: findings from the Mabat Israeli national youth health and nutrition survey. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(5):883-92, doi: 10.1017/S1368980016002779.
(9) American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). 5th edition. 2022.
(10) Leme ACB, Thompson D, Lenz Dunker KL, Nicklas T, Tucunduva Philippi S, Lopez T, et al. Obesity and eating disorders in integrative prevention programmes for adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018;8(4):e020381, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020381.
(11) Camilleri GM, Méjean C, Kesse-Guyot E, Andreeva VA, Bellisle F, Hercberg S, et al. The associations between emotional eating and consumption of energy-dense snack foods are modified by sex and depressive symptomatology. J Nutr. 2014;144(8):1264-73, doi: 10.3945/jn.114.193177.
(12) Kalindjian N, Hirot F, Stona A-C, Huas C, Godart N. Early detection of eating disorders: a scoping review. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27(1):21-68, doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01164-x.
(13) SafiyeÖzvurmaz A EmelLüleci. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yeme Tutumu Ve Yeme Tutumuna Etki Eden Faktörler. JOR. 2018;4(2):841-9.
(14) Støving RK, Andries A, Brixen K, Bilenberg N, Hørder K. Gender differences in outcome of eating disorders: a retrospective cohort study. Psychiatry Res. 2011;186(2-3):362-6, doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.005.
(15) Kaluski DN, Natamba BK, Goldsmith R, Shimony T, Berry EM. Determinants of disordered eating behaviors among Israeli adolescent girls. Eat Disord. 2008;16(2):146-59, doi: 10.1080/10640260801887303.
(16) Hsu LKG. The gender gap in eating disorders: Why are the eating disorders more common among women? Clinical Psychology Review. 1989;9(3):393-407, doi: 10.1016/0272-7358(89)90063-9.
(17) Vila-Martí A, Elío I, Sumalla-Cano S. Eating Behavior during First-Year College Students, including Eating Disorders-RUVIC-RUNEAT-TCA Project. Protocol of an Observational Multicentric Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9457, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189457.
(18) Yu Z, Tan M. Disordered Eating Behaviors and Food Addiction among Nutrition Major College Students. Nutrients. 2016;8(11):673, doi: 10.3390/nu8110673.
(19) Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and Predictors of Emotional Eating among Healthy Young Saudi Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2923, doi: 10.3390/nu12102923.
(20) Adriaanse MA, de Ridder DTD, Evers C. Emotional eating: eating when emotional or emotional about eating? Psychol Health. 2011;26(1):23-39, doi: 10.1080/08870440903207627.
(21) Poobalan AS, Aucott LS, Clarke A, Smith WCS. Diet behaviour among young people in transition to adulthood (18-25 year olds): a mixed method study. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2014;2(1):909-28, doi: 10.1080/21642850.2014.931232.
(22) Lupi S, Bagordo F, Stefanati A, Grassi T, Piccinni L, Bergamini M, et al. Assessment of lifestyle and eating habits among undergraduate students in northern Italy. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2015;51(2):154-61, doi: 10.4415/ANN_15_02_14.
(23) BeBiS, Nutrition Data Base Software Data Base Version 7. The German Food Code and Nutrient Data Base (BLS II.3, 1999) with additions from UDSA-sr and other sources; 2004.
(24) Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med. 1982;12(4):871-8, doi: 10.1017/s0033291700049163.
(25) Nolan LJ, Halperin LB, Geliebter A. Emotional Appetite Questionnaire. Construct validity and relationship with BMI. Appetite. 2010;54(2):314-9, doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.12.004.
(26) Alberti A, Fruttini D, Fidanza F. The Mediterranean Adequacy Index: further confirming results of validity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(1):61-6, doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.11.008.
(27) Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-84, doi: 10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284.
(28) Savasir I, ve Erol N. Anoreksiya Nevroza Belirtileri Indeksi. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;7:19-25.
(29) Demi̇Rel B, Yavuz KF, Karadere ME, Şafak Y, Türkçapar MH. Duygusal İştah Anketi’nin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenilirliği, Beden Kitle İndeksi ve Duygusal Şemalarla İlişkisi. JCBPR. 2014;(3):171-81.
(30) Matana A, Franić I, Radić Hozo E, Burger A, Boljat P. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Children and Youth in the Mediterranean Region in Croatia: A Comparative Study. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):302, doi: 10.3390/nu14020302.
(31) Marchena C, Bernabéu E, Iglesias MT. Are Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Emotional Eating, Alcohol Intake, and Anxiety Related in University Students in Spain? Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2224, doi: 10.3390/nu12082224.
(32) Baydemir C, Ozgur EG, Balci S. Evaluation of adherence to Mediterranean diet in medical students at Kocaeli University, Turkey. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(4):1585-94, doi: 10.1177/0300060518757158.
(33) Leone A, Martínez-González MÁ, Lahortiga-Ramos F, Molero Santos P, Bertoli S, Battezzati A, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and incidence of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in women: The SUN cohort. Nutrition. 2018;54:19-25, doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.008.
(34) Zerón-Rugerio MF, Hernáez Á, Cambras T, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Emotional eating and cognitive restraint mediate the association between sleep quality and BMI in young adults. Appetite. 2022;170:105899, doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105899.
(35) Kadioglu M, Ergn A. The Eating Attitudes of the University Students, Self-efficacy and Affecting Factors. MUSBED. 2015:1, doi: 10.5455/musbed.20150309011008.
(36) Saleh RN, Salameh RA, Yhya HH, Sweileh WM. Disordered eating attitudes in female students of An-Najah National University: a cross-sectional study. J Eat Disord. 2018;6:16, doi: 10.1186/s40337-018-0204-4.
(37) Alkazemi D, Zafar TA, Ebrahim M, Kubow S. Distorted weight perception correlates with disordered eating attitudes in Kuwaiti college women. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(5):449-58, doi: 10.1002/eat.22852.
(38) Haddad C, Khoury C, Salameh P, Sacre H, Hallit R, Kheir N, et al. Validation of the Arabic version of the Eating Attitude Test in Lebanon: a population study. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(13):4132-43, doi: 10.1017/S1368980020002955.
(39) Chacón-Cuberos R, Badicu G, Zurita-Ortega F, Castro-Sánchez M. Mediterranean Diet and Motivation in Sport: A Comparative Study Between University Students from Spain and Romania. Nutrients. 2018;11(1):30, doi: 10.3390/nu11010030.
(40) López-Moreno M, Garcés-Rimón M, Miguel M, Iglesias López MT. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Alcohol Consumption and Emotional Eating in Spanish University Students. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3174, doi: 10.3390/nu13093174.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Melahat Sedanur Macit-Çelebi, Gizem Özata-Uyar, Hilal Yildiran, Eda Köksal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This journal 