Critical nutrients of processed and ultra-processed foods intended for children and their adequacy to the profile of the Pan American Health Organization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.25.2.1085Keywords:
Comida Rápida, Valor Nutritivo, Etiquetado de Alimentos, Ingesta Diaria Recomendada, Niño, Preescolar, Alimentos procesados, Alimentos ultraprocesados, Nutrientes críticosAbstract
Introduction: Food modernization has led to a greater availability of industrialized foods for children, rich in sugars, saturated fats and high in sodium. The aim was to determine the adequacy of the nutritional composition of processed and ultra-processed foods intended for children from 2 to 12 years of age according to the PAHO Food Profile regarding critical nutrients as stated in the nutritional labeling.
Material and methods: cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study in which 113 products were analyzed: 11 processed and 102 ultra-processed according to the NOVA classification, from two supermarkets in Asuncion - Paraguay.
Results: the sodium / kcal ratio was elevated in 1 category of processed foods and in 4 categories of ultra-processed foods. The amount of sugars was high in processed foods and in 6 of the ultra-processed. Total fat and saturated fat were high in 3 of the ultra-processed foods, with the exception of snacks that only exceeded the maximum allowed for total fat.
Conclusion: processed and ultra-processed foods for the child population analyzed in this study have at least one critical nutrient that exceeds what is established by PAHO, which is why it is suggested to avoid its consumption by children as much as possible.
References
(1) Maire B, Lioret S, Gartner A, Delpeuch F. Transition nutrionnelle et maladies chronique non transmissibles liées à l'alimentation dans les pays en développement . Sante. 2002;12(1):45‐55.
(2) Uauy R, Monteiro CA. The challenge of improving food and nutrition in Latin America. Food Nutr Bull. 2004;25(2):175‐82.
(3) de Onis M, Blössner M. Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(4):1032‐9.
(4) Gomez LF, Parra DC, Lobelo F, et al. Television viewing and its association with overweight in Colombian children: results from the 2005 National Nutrition Survey: a cross sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007;4:41.
(5) Nicklas TA, Yang SJ, Baranowski T, Zakeri I, Berenson G. Eating patterns and obesity in children. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25(1):9‐16.
(6) Diethelm K, Günther A, Schulze M, Standl M, Heinrich J, Buyken A. Prospective relevance of dietary patterns at the beginning and during the course of primary school to the development of body composition. British Journal of Nutrition. 2014; 111(8), 1488-98.
(7) McDonald CM, Baylin A, Arsenault JE, Mora-Plazas M, Villamor E. Overweight is more prevalent than stunting and is associated with socioeconomic status, maternal obesity, and a snacking dietary pattern in school children from Bogota, Colombia. J Nutr. 2009;139(2):370‐6.
(8) Monteiro CA, Levy RB, Claro RM, Castro IR, Cannon G. A new classification of foods based on the extent and purpose of their processing. Cad Saude Publica. 2010;26(11):2039‐49.
(9) Monteiro CA. Nutrition and health. The issue is not food, nor nutrients, so much as processing. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(5):729‐31.
(10) Cornwell B, Villamor E, Mora-Plazas M, Marin C, Monteiro CA, Baylin A. Processed and ultra-processed foods are associated with lower-quality nutrient profiles in children from Colombia. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(1):142‐7.
(11) Louzada ML, Martins A, Canella D, Baraldi L, Levy R, Claro R, et al . Impact of ultra-processed foods on micronutrient content in the Brazilian diet. Rev. Saúde Pública. 2015; 49: 45.
(12) Costa Louzada ML, Martins AP, Canella DS, et al. Ultra-processed foods and the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 2015;49:38.
(13) Sparrenberger K, Friedrich RR, Schiffner MD, Schuch I, Wagner MB. Ultra-processed food consumption in children from a Basic Health Unit. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91(6):535‐42.
(14) Rauber F, Campagnolo PD, Hoffman DJ, Vitolo MR. Consumption of ultra-processed food products and its effects on children's lipid profiles: a longitudinal study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(1):116‐22.
(15) Batal M, Johnson-Down L, Moubarac JC, Ing A. Quantifying associations of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods with overall diet quality in First Nations peoples in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(1):103‐13.
(16) Pan American Health Organization. Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model. Washington, DC: Editorial 3 PAHO. 2016. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/18621/9789275118733_eng.pdf?sequence=9&isAllowed=y
(17) Neri D, Martinez-Steele E, Monteiro CA, Levy RB. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with added sugar content in the diets of US children, NHANES 2009-2014. Pediatr Obes. 2019;14(12):e12563.
(18) D Elliott C,J Conlon M. Toddler foods, children’s foods: assessing sodium in packaged supermarket foods targeted at children. Public Health Nutrition. 2011; 14 (3): 490–8.
(19) Overwyk KJ, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Wiltz JL, Dunford EK, Cogswell ME. Trends in Blood Pressure and Usual Dietary Sodium Intake Among Children and Adolescents, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2016. Hypertension. 2019;74(2):260‐6.
(20) Te Morenga L, Montez JM. Health effects of saturated and trans-fatty acid intake in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0186672.
(21) Muñoz-Cano J. La industria de los alimentos y sus campañas de promoción de la salud. Rev Esp Comun En Salud. 2013;4(1):3–16.
(22) Liliana Amparo L SLR. Etiquetado nutricional, una mirada desde los consumidores de alimentos/Nutritional labeling, from a consumers viewpoint. Perspect En Nutr Humana. 2014;16(2):145–56.
(23) Meza Miranda E, Nuñez Martínez B. Evaluación de la composición nutricional de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados de acuerdo al perfil de alimentos de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, con énfasis en nutrientes críticos. Mem Inst Investig Cienc Salud.. 2018; 16 (1): 54-63.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Eliana Romina Meza Miranda, Beatriz Elizabeth Nuñez Martinez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This journal 