Evaluation of dietary habits and levels of physical activity in school-adolescents: A cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.24.4.1045Keywords:
Adolescent, Body Weight, Feeding Behavior, Exercise, Life StyleAbstract
Introduction: Diet and physical activity are the two main modifiable risk factors to prevent and/or control overweight and obesity in pediatric stages. The objective of this study was to assess the lifestyles (diet and physical activity), and its association with Body Mass Index (BMI) among adolescents.Material and methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study on lifestyles among adolescents. We collected sociodemographic information, clinical data, anthropometric measures, diet and physical activity habits. A Multiple Linear Regression was used to assess the association between lifestyles and BMI, adjusted by potential confounders: sex, age, hours of sleep and smoking.
Results: The population of this study consists of 129 teenagers (51,94% male). Their mean age is of 14.88. The excess weight prevalence was of 32.80%, and it was greater in the male portion of the population than its female counterpart. 59.70% of the adolescents were confirmed to follow an appropriate diet. 71.10% follow the WHO recommendations related to physical activities. In this case, the male portion of the population proved to be more physically active than the female counterpart. The adolescents with an excess weight obtained a lower punctuation with regard to the quality of their diet and turned out to engage in less physical activities than those presenting a normal weight. Moreover, a higher punctuation in the quality of diet (p-value 0.013), number of sleep hours (p-value 0.032) and being female (p-value <0.001), decrease the BMI.
Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of adolescents with excess weight and a lower quality diet as well as lower levels of physical activity. Finally, we also identified an association between the lifestyle and BMI among adolescents.
References
(1) NCD Risk Factor Collaloboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128•9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627–42.
(2) Ministerio de Sanidad Servicio Sociales e Igualdad. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2012. Minist Sanid Serv Soc e Igual. 2012;
(3) Boone-Heinonen J, Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS. Obesogenic clusters: Multidimensional adolescent obesity-related behaviors in the U.S. Ann Behav Med. 2008;36(3):217–30.
(4) Weihrauch-Blüher S, Wiegand S. Risk Factors and Implications of Childhood Obesity. Curr Obes Rep. 2018;7(4):254–9.
(5) González-Gil EM, Martínez-Olivan B, Widhalm K, Lambrinou CP, Henauw de S, Gottrand F, et al. Healthy eating determinants and dietary patterns in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Child Adolesc Obes. 2019;2(1):18–39.
(6) Ha K, Chung S, Lee HS, Kim C Il, Joung H, Paik HY, et al. Association of dietary sugars and sugar-sweetened beverage intake with obesity in Korean children and adolescents. Nutrients. 2016;8(1):31.
(7) Ambrosini GL, Johns DJ, Northstone K, Emmett PM, Jebb SA. Free Sugars and Total Fat Are Important Characteristics of a Dietary Pattern Associated with Adiposity across Childhood and Adolescence. J Nutr. 2015;146(4):778–84.
(8) Ng SW, Popkin BM. Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe. Obes Rev. 2012;13(8):659–80.
(9) Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1•6 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 2019;4(November 21):1–13.
(10) Mielgo-Ayuso J, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Castillo A, Ruiz E, Ávila JM, Aranceta-Batrina J, et al. Physical activity patterns of the spanish population are mostly determined by sex and age: Findings in the ANIBES study. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0149969.
(11) Umer A, Kelley G a., Cottrell LE, Giacobbi P, Innes KE, Lilly CL. Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):683.
(12) Ayer J, Charakida M, Deanfield JE, Celermajer DS. Lifetime risk: Childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk. Vol. 36, European Heart Journal. 2015. p. 1371–6.
(13) Cuda SE, Censani M. Pediatric Obesity Algorithm: A Practical Approach to Obesity Diagnosis and Management. Front Pediatr. 2019;6:431.
(14) World Health Organization. Growth reference 5-19 years. WHO. 2007.
(15) Schröder H, Benitez Arciniega A, Soler C, Covas M-I, Baena-Díez JM, Marrugat J. Validity of two short screeners for diet quality in time-limited settings. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(4):618–26.
(16) Martínez-González MA, López-Fontana C, Varo JJ, Sánchez-Villegas A, Martinez JA. Validation of the Spanish version of the physical activity questionnaire used in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study. Public Health Nutr. 2005;8(7):920–7.
(17) World Health Organization. Recomendaciones Mundiales sobre Actividad Física para la Salud. WHO. 2010;
(18) Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Herrmann SD, Meckes N, Bassett DR, Tudor-Locke C, et al. 2011 compendium of physical activities: A second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1575–81.
(19) Serra Majem L, Ribas Barba L, Aranceta Bartrina J, Pérez Rodrigo C, Saavedra Santana P, Peña Quintana L. Childhood and adolescent obesity in Spain. Results of the enKid study (1998-2000). Med Clin (Barc). 2003;121(19):725–32.
(20) Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gianzo-Citores M, Pérez-Rodrigo C. Prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad abdominal en población española entre 3 y 24 años. Estudio ENPE. Rev Española Cardiol. 2019;
(21) Sánchez-Cruz JJ, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Fernández-Quesada F, Sánchez MJ. Prevalencia de obesidad infantil y juvenil en España en 2012. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2013;66(5):371–6.
(22) Garcia-Continente X, Allué N, Pérez-Giménez A, Ariza C, Sánchez-Martínez F, López MJ, et al. Hábitos alimentarios, conductas sedentarias y sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de Barcelona. An Pediatr. 2015;83(1):3–10.
(23) Rosa Guillamón A, Carrillo López PJ, García Cantó E, Perez Soto JJ, Tarraga Marcos L, Tarraga López PJ. Mediterranean diet, weight status and physical activity in schoolchildren of the Region of Murcia. Clin e Investig en Arterioscler. 2019;31(1):1–7.
(24) Yáñez-Ortega JL, Arrieta-Cerdán E, Lozano-Alonso JE, Gil Costa M, Gutiérrez-Araus AM, Cordero-Guevara JA, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in child population. A study of a cohort in Castile and Leon, Spain. Endocrinol Diabetes y Nutr. 2019;66(3):173–80.
(25) Vernetta Santana M, Peláez EM, Ariza L, López Bedoya J. Dieta mediterránea , actividad física e índice de masa corporal en adolescentes rurales de Granada (España). Nutr Clin y Diet Hosp. 2018;38(1):71–80.
(26) Grao-Cruces A, Nuviala A, Fernández-Martínez A, Porcel-Gálvez AM, Moral-García JE, Martínez-López EJ. Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en adolescentes rurales y urbanos del sur de España, satisfacción con la vida, antropometría y actividades físicas y sedentarias. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(4):1129–35.
(27) Mariscal-Arcas M, Rivas A, Velasco J, Ortega M, Caballero AM, Olea-Serrano F. Evaluation of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) in children and adolescents in Southern Spain. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(9):1408–12.
(28) Ayechu A, Durá Travé T. Quality of dietary habits (adherence to a mediterranean diet) in pupils of compulsory secondary education. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2010;33(1):35–42.
(29) Tapia A. Diferencias en los niveles de actividad física , grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y autoconcepto físico en adolescentes en función del sexo. Retos nuevas tendencias en Educ física, Deport y recreación. 2019;36:185–92.
(30) Mera R, Mera I, Fornos JA, García P, Fernández M, Rodríguez Á, et al. Análisis de hábitos nutricionales y actividad física de adolescentes escolarizados. Rev Esp Nutr Comunitaria. 2017;23(1).
(31) Fatima Y, Doi SAR, Mamun AA. Longitudinal impact of sleep on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and bias-adjusted meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2015;16(2):137–49.
(32) Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. National sleep foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary. Sleep Heal. 2015;1(1):40–3.
(33) Beltrán VJ, Devís J, Peiró C. Actividad física y sedentarismo en adolescentes de la Comunidad Valenciana. Rev Int Med y Ciencias la Act Física y el Deport. 2009;12(45):123–31.
(34) Oviedo G, Sánchez J, Castro R, Calvo M, Sevilla J, Iglesias A, et al. Niveles de actividad física en población adolescente: estudio de caso. Retos nuevas tendencias en Educ física, Deport y recreación. 2013;(23):43–7.
(35) Ramos P, Jiménez-Iglesias A, Rivera F, Moreno C. Evolución de la práctica de la actividad física en los adolescentes españoles. Rev Int Med y Ciencias la Act Fis y del Deport. 2016;16(62):335–53.
(36) Grao-Cruces A, Nuviala A, Fernández-Martínez A, Martínez-López EJ. Relación de actividad física y sedentarismo con el consumo de tabaco y alcohol y dieta mediterránea en adolescentes Españoles. Nutr Hosp. 2015;31(4):1693–700.
This journal 