Nutritional status, dietary habits and social and health profile of home meal service users for elderly of Vitoria-Gasteiz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.18.3.30Keywords:
Aged, Elderly, Home meals, Home Care Services, Eating habits, Feeding Behavior, Nutritional Status, Social Determinants of Health, Quality of Life, Health Services for the AgedAbstract
Introduction: The home meals service (HMS) is a little-developed resource in the Basque Country, and is dependent on social services. The aim of this study is to establish the nutritional status, eating habits and main social and healthcare characteristics of the users of this service.
Material and Methods: A descriptive and transversal study carried out in 2 phases: (a) phase 1: an assessment of nutritional status and eating habits using an abbreviated version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment and a questionnaire on food consumption. (b) phase 2: the assessment of the dependency risk at home and quality of life related to health by means of Barber and EuroQoL-5D questionnaires.
Results: Eighty users (35 men, 45 women) fulfilled the criteria for inclusion; average age: 83.62 years (± 5.53). Nutritional status: the prevalence of malnutrition was 11% and that of risk of malnutrition 39%. Eating habits: the meal provided guaranteed a minimal provision of legumes, pasta, rice or potatoes (once or twice a week), fish (once or twice a week), and meat (three or four times a week). In spite of this, the frequency of consumption of vegetables, fish, rice, eggs or meat was less than recommended in over 70% of the group. Social and healthcare profile: 127 users (60 men, 67 women) took part; average age: 83.82 years (± 6.17). Barber’s questionnaire: living alone: 48%; housebound through illness: 20%. Poor hearing: 44%; poor sight: 34%; although: 30% needed help, 95% were receiving support. EuroQoL-5D: Serious problems reported: 4.7% had difficulties with mobility; 7.9% with personal care; 23.6% had problems with carrying out daily activities; 15% reported pain or discomfort; 3.9% anxiety/depression. Perceived health status: 32.3% considered their health to be good or very good, 34,6% fair, and 33% bad or very bad.
Conclusions: The group studied consists of a vulnerable people, with social and health problems and more malnutrition than the older population living at home. In this context, the home meals significantly improves the availability of complex carbohydrates, vegetables and proteins and may be a useful service in helping to keep older people in their homes.
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