Estigma del peso y conductas alimentarias en estudiantes universitarios: Resultados de un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.28.4.2241Palabras clave:
Prejuicio del peso, Estigma social, Conducta alimentaria, DietaResumen
Introducción. El estigma del peso inicia con experimentar el estigma mediante creencias, actitudes y acciones descalificantes que se internalizan e incrementa la anticipación a ser estigmatizado por motivo del peso. Esto modifica conductas de alimentación: mal adaptativas (comer emocional, restricción cognitiva y comer sin control) y conductas adaptativas (comer intuitivo) como respuestas de regulación emocional. El objetivo general fue analizar el efecto de mediación de las facetas del estigma del peso (experimentado, internalizado y anticipado) en las conductas de alimentación mal adaptativas y adaptativas.
Metodología. Estudio transversal. Participaron 766 estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud. Se aplicaron: a) Escala Modificada de Internalización del Estigma, b) Escala Miedo del Estigma, c) Cuestionario de Tres Factores R-18 y d) Escala de Comer Intuitivo. Se realizaron modelos de mediación con MPLUS8 con Bootstraping e intervalos de confianza 95%.
Resultados. El 68% (n = 524) fueron mujeres. El estigma internalizado presentó efecto directo en comer emocional (p = .001), comer sin control (p = .001) y restricción cognitiva (p = .001), negativo con comer intuitivo (p = .001). Estigma anticipado en comer emocional (p = .001), comer sin control (p < .001), pero no con restricción cognitiva (p = .392), negativo con comer intuitivo (p = .011). El estigma anticipado es mediador entre estigma experimentado y comer emocional (ß = .103, p = .001) y comer sin control (ß = .225, p < .001). El estigma internalizado fue mediador en restricción cognitiva (ß = .194, p = .001), comer sin control (ß = .136, p = .001) y comer emocional (ß = .082, p = .001).
Conclusión. La relación entre estigma experimentado y comer emocional, restricción cognitiva y comer sin control está mediada por el estigma internalizado, el estigma anticipado es mediador entre comer emocional y comer sin control.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Adiel Agama-Sarabia, Yolanda Flores-Peña, Victor Pedrero, Rosane Pilot-Pessa
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