Asociación entre el patrón dietético y la sarcopenia en individuos con criterios de síndrome metabólico: una revisión sistemática: Asociación entre el patrón dietético y la sarcopenia en individuos con criterios de síndrome metabólico

Daniel Catalina-Palomares; Lorena Botella Juan; Irene de Frutos-Galindo; Paula Yubero-García; Ana Fernández-Somoano; Vicente Martín-Sánchez; Alba Marcos-Delgado

doi:10.14306/renhyd.28.1.1966

Autores/as

Daniel Catalina-Palomares
Lorena Botella Juan Universidad de León
Irene de Frutos-Galindo
Paula Yubero-García
Ana Fernández-Somoano
Vicente Martín-Sánchez
Alba Marcos-Delgado

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.28.1.1966%20

Palabras clave:

conducta alimentaria, síndrome metabólico, sarcopenia, fuerza muscular

Resumen

Introducción: El objetivo principal de esta revisión sistemática fue explorar la relación los patrones dietéticos y el desarrollo de sarcopenia en personas con criterios diagnósticos de síndrome metabólico.

Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con el estándar de las directrices PRISMA. Los criterios de inclusión fueron población adulta (mayor de 18 años), ambos sexos, diagnosticados de síndrome metabólico (SM) o alguno de sus componentes (obesidad, dislipemia, hipertensión o resistencia a la insulina), estudios transversales, de cohortes o ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y artículos en inglés o español. El número de registro del protocolo en PROSPERO es CRD42022369071.

Resultados: Se encontraron 662 artículos, tras el cribado y selección, se analizaron 16. Dichos artículos fueron 12 estudios transversales, 1 ECA y 3 estudios de cohortes. La muestra total estudiada fue de 21453 personas. Se observó heterogeneidad en los métodos de recogida de información de los estudios. Los resultados se dividieron en tres grupos según los métodos de recogida de datos utilizados en el estudio: encuesta dietética, Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Alimentos (FFQ) y otros métodos. Se encontró una asociación entre la baja ingesta de fibra o vitamina C y las dietas desequilibradas con el desarrollo de sarcopenia en personas con SM. Sin embargo, se encontró asociación entre una dieta rica en hidratos de carbono, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DAHS), la dieta mediterránea, ovolactovegetariana y las dietas tradicionales brasileñas y un menor riesgo de desarrollo sarcopenia.

Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación entre la baja ingesta de fibra y las dietas desequilibradas y un alto riesgo de desarrollo de sarcopenia, mientras que las dietas de buena calidad con un alto contenido en verduras, fibra y alimentos antiinflamatorios redujeron el riesgo.

Financiación: no existen fuentes de financiación para este estudio.

Citas

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Asociación entre el patrón dietético y la sarcopenia en individuos con criterios de síndrome metabólico: una revisión sistemática