Suplementos dietéticos comerciales para el control de sobrepeso: fuentes naturales de fácil acceso, mecanismos de acción y efectos adversos

Autores/as

  • Julieth Bellaizac Riascos Semillero de Investigación Indicadores de Calidad, Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
  • Diana M. Chito Trujillo Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
  • Maite Rada Mendoza Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.26.s1.1352

Palabras clave:

Fármacos Antiobesidad, Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos, Obesidad, Productos Biológicos, Sobrepeso, Suplementos dietéticos

Resumen

Introducción: El uso de suplementos dietéticos es una de las estrategias actualmente más implementada por la población para contrarrestar el sobrepeso u obesidad debido a su fácil y rápida adquisición en Internet, pese a que muchos de ellos no cuenten con un respaldo científico que justifiquen su efectividad y seguridad. En esta revisión se describen los mecanismos de acción y efectos adversos de los principales suplementos para el control de sobrepeso de venta online en el mercado colombiano.

Material y métodos: En las plataformas de compra online: Amazon, eBay, Walmart, Alibaba, Aliexpress y Mercado libre (Colombia), se identificaron las fuentes naturales de los suplementos dietéticos más destacados (Coffea arábica, Camellia sinensis, Garcinia cambogia, Rubus idaeus, Moringa oleifera, Smallanthus sonchifolius, Cinnamomum verum, Capsicum frutescens L, Cynara scolymus, Zingiber officinale y Hibiscus sabdariffa). Se realizó una revisión siguiendo las recomendaciones propuestas por la declaración PRISMA. Las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda de los artículos entre 2010 y 2020 fueron ScienceDirect, PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO, Web of Science y el buscador Google académico. Un total de 189 referencias fueron contempladas.

Resultados: Los principios bioactivos (aislados o en extractos) identificados en las fuentes naturales fueron: polifenoles, teaflavinas, (-)-epigalocatequina-3-O-galato  (EGCG), (-)-3-O-(3-O-metil) galato de epigalocatequina (EGCG3), ácido clorogénico, cinamaldehído y  ácido hidroxicítrico (HCA), que han demostrado en cultivos celulares y en animales modelo, su capacidad para regular el metabolismo energético, disminuir la lipogénesis, aumentar la oxidación de ácidos grasos e inhibir su síntesis, regular la ingesta de alimentos, entre otras. La hepatotoxicidad y los problemas gastrointestinales con sintomatología leve o moderada, son los efectos adversos más comunes asociados al consumo de este tipo de fuentes.

Conclusiones: El efecto en la pérdida de peso de las fuentes naturales abordadas en esta revisión, está científicamente respaldada con ensayos in vitro e in vivo con animales, pero debido al escaso soporte científico evidenciado a partir de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados, es necesario realizar más estudios para establecer la objetividad de lo observado y evaluar la seguridad del uso de los suplementos dietéticos derivados para el control de sobrepeso.

Biografía del autor/a

Julieth Bellaizac Riascos, Semillero de Investigación Indicadores de Calidad, Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia

Química de Universidad del Cauca. Desde junio de 2020 se desempeña como investigador de apoyo en el proyecto ID-4486 del Grupo de Investigación Bicamsa de trabajos de investigación en el marco de la línea "Estandarización y Validación de Técnicas Analíticas". 

Diana M. Chito Trujillo, Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia

D. Chito-Trujillo es Química por la Universidad del Cauca (2006) y Doctora en Electroquímica, Ciencia y Tecnología por la Universidad de Lleida (2012). Sus intereses de investigación son la ciencia de los alimentos y los sistemas ambientales. Desde 2015 se desempeña como docente del Departamento de Química de la Universidad del Cauca.

Maite Rada Mendoza, Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia

M. del P. Rada-Mendoza culminó su pregrado en Química en 1994 y su maestría en Química en 1998, ambos en la Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). Finalizó su doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos en 2004 en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Madrid, España). Sus intereses de investigación incluyen líneas como la bioinformática, la calidad ambiental y los alimentos. Es directora del grupo de investigación BICAMSA (A1 en Colciencias) y profesora titular del Departamento de Química.

 

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Publicado

2022-01-02

Cómo citar

Bellaizac Riascos, J., Chito Trujillo, D. M., & Rada Mendoza, M. (2022). Suplementos dietéticos comerciales para el control de sobrepeso: fuentes naturales de fácil acceso, mecanismos de acción y efectos adversos. Revista Española De Nutrición Humana Y Dietética, 26(Supl. 1). https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.26.s1.1352

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Vol. 26 (2022): (Supl. 1) Tecnología de los alimentos

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Artículos de revisión

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Derechos de autor 2021 Julieth Bellaizac Riascos, Diana M. Chito Trujillo, Maite Rada Mendoza

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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.