Influencia de la baja disponibilidad energética y del balance energético negativo sobre la inflamación inducida por el ejercicio y cambios de hormonas sexuales de atletas: Una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • César Iván Ayala-Guzmán Departamento de Atención a la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-1765
  • Luis Ortiz-Hernandez Departamento de Atención a la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-1729
  • Oralia Najera Medina Departamento de Atención a la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-3770

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.25.S1.1175

Palabras clave:

Atletas, Ejercicio Físico, Deficiencia Relativa de Energía en el Deporte, Metabolismo Energético, Inflamación, Hormonas, Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales, respuesta inflamatoria

Resumen

Introducción: El objetivo del trabajo fue examinar diferencias entre el balance energético (BEN) negativo o la baja disponibilidad energética (DEN) sobre la inflamación inducida por el ejercicio (IIE) y cambios de hormonas sexuales (CHS), de acuerdo con la experiencia deportiva de atletas.

Material y métodos: Fuentes de información: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados de 1986 a 2020 en las bases de datos de Medline, Science Direct, SciELO, ProQuest y EBSCOhost. Selección de estudios: Se incluyeron artículos que fueron realizados con atletas adultos sanos, con diferentes niveles de experiencia deportiva, en los que se evaluó la asociación del BEN negativo o de la DEN baja con CHS o la IIE. Evaluación y síntesis del estudio: Se identificaron 198 registros, de los cuales se analizaron 26 documentos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.

Resultados: Se obtuvieron asociaciones similares entre el BEN o la DEN (evaluada directamente) con las concentraciones basales de testosterona, de FNT-α y con la presencia de amenorrea, pero no con el estradiol e IL-6. La DEN evaluada directamente, comparada con indicadores subrogados de DEN baja, se asoció con CHS en menos estudios (6 versus 11). En condiciones de reposo, atletas de alto renidimento con BEN negativo o con DEN baja, en comparación con sus contrapartes con una adecuada IE, presentaron menores concentraciones de LH y estradiol, pero no de progesterona e IL-6; aunque resultados inconsistentes sobre la testosterona, FSH, FNT-α y la presencia de amenorrea.

Conclusiones: La metodología de evaluación o interpretación del BEN o la DEN y de biomarcadores parecen determinar las inconsistencias entre los resultados. Aparentemente la experiencia deportiva puede influir en la IIE o CHS de atletas con DEN baja o BEN negativo.

Biografía del autor/a

Luis Ortiz-Hernandez, Departamento de Atención a la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México.

Profesor-investigador, Departamento de Atención a la Salud

Oralia Najera Medina, Departamento de Atención a la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México.

Profesora-investigadora, Departamento de Atención a la Salud

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Publicado

2021-10-10

Cómo citar

Ayala-Guzmán, C. I., Ortiz-Hernandez, L., & Najera Medina, O. (2021). Influencia de la baja disponibilidad energética y del balance energético negativo sobre la inflamación inducida por el ejercicio y cambios de hormonas sexuales de atletas: Una revisión sistemática. Revista Española De Nutrición Humana Y Dietética, 25(Supl. 1), e1175. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.25.S1.1175

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