Aplicabilidad del índice de masa corporal e índice ponderal en jóvenes deportistas que participan en la Selección Universitaria de Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.23.2.625Palabras clave:
Antropometría, Pesos y medidas corporales, Índice de Masa Corporal, Peso corporal, Estatura, Estudiantes.Resumen
Objetivos: comparar el perfil antropométrico de cuatro modalidades deportivas y verificar la aplicabilidad del Índice de masa corporal e Índice ponderal de jóvenes universitarios participantes de las selecciones universitarias de Chile.
Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo (comparativo- correlacional). Fueron estudiados 66 jóvenes universitarios deportistas de Chile (37 hombres y 29 mujeres) con un rango de edad entre 18 a 28 años. Los deportes incluidos fueron: Baloncesto, Voleibol, Taekwondo y Judo. Se evaluó el peso y estatura. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC= Peso (kg)/estatura2(m)] y el índice Ponderal [IP= Peso (kg)/estatura3(m)].
Resultados: Hubo diferencias antropométricas en las cuatro modalidades deportivas y en ambos sexos. El Peso influye sobre el IMC en hombres (R2=55%) y en mujeres (R2= 76%), mientras que, en el IP, el peso y estatura influyen en hombres (R2= 15 y 14%) y el peso en mujeres (R2= 44%).
Conclusión: Se observó diferencias antropométricas en atletas universitarios de baloncesto, voleibol, Taekwondo y judo de ambos sexos, además el IP permitió corregir las variaciones del peso y estatura en relación al IMC.
Citas
(1) Landers GJ, Blanksby BA, Ackland TR, Smith D. Morphology and performance of world championship triathletes. Annals of Human Biology. 2000; 27(4): 387-400.
(2) Legaz AA, González BJ, Serrano OE. Differences in skin-fold thicknesses and fat distribution among top-class runners. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2005; 45(4): 512-517
(3) Arrese AL, Ostáriz ES. Skin-fold thicknesses associated with distance running performance in highly trained runners. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2006; 24(1): 69-76.
(4) Arazi H, Mirzaei B, Nobari H. Anthropometric profile, body composition and somatotyping of national Iranian cross-country runners. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 2015;17(2): 35-41.
(5) Singh S, Singh K, Singh M, Singh M. Measurements, body and somatotyping of high jumpers. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity. 2010; 4(4): 266-271.
(6) Boone J, Bourgois J. Morphological and Physiological Profile of Elite Basketball Players in Belgium. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2013; 8: 630-8
(7) Gaurav v, Singh A. Anthropometric characteristics of Indian volleyball players in relation to their performance level. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 2014;16(1):87-89.
(8) Koley S, Singh J, Sandhu JS. Anthropometric and physiological characteristics on Indian inter-university volleyball players. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2010; 398-399
(9) Gale-Watts AS, Coleman I, Nevill AM. The changing shape characteristics associated with success in world-class sprinters. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2012; 30(11):1085-1095.
(10) Gale-Watts AS, Nevill AM. From endurance to power athletes: The changing shape of successful male professional tennis players. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):948-54. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1192690. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
(11) Ross WD, Drinkwater DT, Bailey DA, Marshall GR, Leahy RM. Kinanthropometry: traditions and new perspectives. In: Ostyn M, Beunen G, Simons J, editors. Kinanthropometry II. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1980: 3-26.
(12) Ricardo DR, de Araújo C.G.S. Body mass index: A scientific evidence-based inquiry. Arquivos Brasilleiros de Cardiologia. 2002; 79(1): 70–78.
(13) Canda AS. Variables antropométricas de la población deportista española. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Deportes, Ministerio de ˜ Educación, Cultura y Deporte; 2012.
(14) Ross WD, Marfell-Jones MJ. Kinanthropometry. In: MacDougall JD, Wenger HA, Geeny HJ, editors. Physiological testing of elite athlete. London: Human Kinetics. 1991:p 223–308.
(15) Santos DA, Dawson JA, Matias CN, et al. Reference Values for Body Composition and Anthropometric Measurements in Athletes. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5): e97846. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097846
(16) Pons V, Riera J, Galilea PA, et al. Características antropométricas, composición corporal y somatotipo por deportes. Datos de referencia del CAR de San Cugat, 1989-2013. Apunts Med Esport. 2015;50(186):65---72
(17) Rivera M, Rivera-Brown A, Frontera W. Health related physical fitness characteristics of elite Puerto Rican athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 1998;12:199–203
(18) Ghorbanzadeh B, Münđroğlu S, Akalan C, Khodadadi M, Kđrazci S, Şahđn M. Determination of Taekwondo National Team Selection Criterions by Measuring Physical and Physiological Parameters. Annals of Biological Research. 2011;2(6):184-197
(19) Schwartz J, Takito MY, Del Vecchio FB, Antonietti LS, Franchini E. Health-related physical fitness in martial arts and combat sports practitioners. Sport Sci. Health. 2015;11:171–180.
(20) Sterkowicz-Przybycien K, Almansba R. Sexual dimorphism of anthropometrical measurements in judoists vs untrained subject. Sci. Sports. 2011; 26: 316–323
(21) Shariat A, Shaw B, Kargarfard M, Shaw I, Ching Lam E. Kinanthropometric attributes of elite male judo, karate and taekwondo athletes. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2017; 23(4).
(22) Alves CR, Pasqua L, Artioli GG, Roschel H, Solis M, Tobias G, et al. Anthropometric, physiological, performance, and nutritional profile of the Brazil National Canoe Polo Team. J Sports Sci. 2012; 30(3):305–11.
(23) Jacobson BH, Thompson BJ, Conchola E, Glass. A Comparison of Absolute, Ratio and Allometric Scaling Methods for Normalizing Strength in Elite American Football Players. J Athl Enhancement 2013; 2:2
(24) Ross WD, Drinkwater DT, Bailey DA, Marshall GR, Leahy RM. Kinanthropometry: traditions and new perspectives. In: Ostyn M, Beunen G, Simons J, editors. Kinanthropometry II. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1980: 3-26.
(25) Challis JH. Methodological Report: The Appropriate Scaling of Weightlifting Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 1999;13: 367-371.
(26) Davies MJ, Dalsky GP. Normalizing strength for body size differences in older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997; 29: 713-717.
(27) Jaric S, Mirkov D, Markovic G. Normalizing physical performance tests for body size: a proposal for standardization. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19: 467- 474.
(28) Crewther B, Gill N, Weatherby RP, Lowe T. A comparison of ratio and allometric scaling methods for normalizing power and strength in elite rugby union players. J Sports Sci. 2009;27:1575-1580.
(29) Goran M, Sekuli D. Modeling the Influence of Body Size on Weightlifting and Powerlifting Performance. Coll. Antropol. 2006;30(3): 607–613
Esta revista ha conseguido la validación para ser 