Diámetro abdominal sagital: aplicaciones en la práctica clínica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.16.4.60Palabras clave:
Grasa abdominal, Diámetro abdominal sagital, AntropometríaResumen
El exceso de tejido adiposo visceral se asocia con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Recientemente, el diámetro abdominal sagital (DAS) se ha convertido en un indicador de obesidad central y puede ayudar en la predicción del riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo del estudio es revisar la literatura científica sobre la utilización del DAS para evaluación nutricional de adultos. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos electrónicas SciELO , MEDLINE (PubMed) y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. El DAS se asocia con la grasa abdominal (especialmente visceral) y diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como resistencia a la insulina, presión arterial y lipoproteínas plasmáticas, en mayor magnitud que indicadores tradicionales como el índice de masa corporal y la relación cintura/cadera. El DAS se puede utilizar en combinación con otras medidas antropométricas. Todavía no hay puntos de corte establecidos para la clasificación. El DAS puede ser una alternativa para estimar la grasa visceral, pero el pequeño número de estudios y la falta de consenso sobre la referencia anatómica para el registro de medidas dificultan la determinación del punto de corte para su interpretación.Citas
Kopelman PG. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature. 2000; 404:635-43.
Vasques ACJ, Priore SE, Rosado LEFPDL, Franceschini SDCC. Utilização de medidas antropométricas para a avaliação do acúmulo de gordura visceral. Rev Nutr. 2010;23:107-18.
Risérus U, Ärnlöv J, Brismar K, Zethelius B, Berglund L, Vessby B. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong anthropometric marker of insulin resistance and hyperproinsulinemia in obese men. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2041‑6.
Vasques AC, Rosado L, Rosado G, Ribeiro RDC, Franceschini S, Geloneze B. Anthropometric indicators of insulin resistance. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95:1423.
Seidell J, Oosterlee A, Thijssen M, Burema J, Deurenberg P, Hautvast J, et al. Assessment of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat: relation between anthropometry and computed tomography. Am J Clin Nutr.1987;45:7-13.
Pouliot M, Després J, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:460-8.
Kvist H, Chowdhury B, Grangard U, Tylen U, Sjostrom L. Total and visceral adipose-tissue volumes derived from measurements with computed tomography in adult men and women: predictive equations. Am J Clin Nutr.1988;48:1351-61.
Sjöström L, Kvist H. Regional body fat measurements with CTscan and evaluation of anthropometric predictions. Acta Med Scand. 1988;723:169-77.
Despres J, Prud’homme D, Pouliot M, Tremblay A, Bouchard C. Estimation of deep abdominal adipose-tissue accumulation from simple anthropometric measurements in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54:471-7.
Van der Kooy K, Leenen R, Seidell JC, Deurenberg P, Visser M. Abdominal diameters as indicators of visceral fat: comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometry. Br J Nutr. 1993;70:47-58.
Han TS, McNeill G, Seidell JC, Lean ME. Predicting intraabdominal fatness from anthropometric measures: the influence of stature. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997;21:587-93.
Valsamakis G, Chetty R, Anwar A, Banerjee AK, Barnett A, Kumar S. Association of simple anthropometric measures of obesity with visceral fat and the metabolic syndrome in male Caucasian and Indo-Asian subjects. Diabet Med. 2004;21:1339-45.
Sampaio LR, Simões EJ, Assis AMO, Ramos LR. Validity and reliability of the sagittal abdominal diameter as a predictor of visceral abdominal fat. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007;51:980-6.
Yim JY, Kim D, Lim SH, Park MJ, Choi SH, Lee CH, et al. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong anthropometric measure of visceral adipose tissue in the Asian general population. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2665-70.
Williamson DF, Kahn HS, Worthman CM, Burnette JC, Russell CM. Precision of recumbent anthropometry. Am J Hum Biol. 1993;5:159-67.
Zamboni M, Turcato E, Armellini F, Kahn HS, Zivelonghi A, Santana H, et al. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a practical predictor of visceral fat. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998;22:655-60.
Radominski RB, Vezozzo DP, Cerri GG, Halpern A. O uso da ultra-sonografia na avaliação da distribuição de gordura abdominal. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2000;44:5-12.
Kahn HS, Austin H, Williamson DF, Arensberg D. Simple anthropometric indices associated with ischemic heart disease. J Clinl Epidemiol. 1996;49:1017-24.
Kahn HS, Simoes EJ, Koponen M, Hanzlick R. The abdominal diameter index and sudden coronary death in men. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:961-4.
Petersson H, Daryani A, Risérus U. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of inflammation and insulin resistance among immigrant women from the Middle East and native Swedish women: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2007;6:10.
Vasques ACJ, Rosado LEFPDL, Rosado GP, Ribeiro RDCL, Franceschini SDCC, Geloneze B, et al. Different measurements of the sagittal abdominal diameter and waist perimeter in the prediction of HOMA-IR. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009;93:5118.
Vasques ACJ, Rosado LEFPDL, Rosado GP, Ribeiro RDCL, Franceschini SDCC, Geloneze B, et al. Predictive ability of anthropometric and body composition indicators in the identification of insulin resistance. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2009;53:72-9.
Reed D, Dwyer KM, Dwyer JH. Abdominal obesity and carotid artery wall thickness. The Los Angeles atherosclerosis study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:1546-51.
Nakata K, Choo J, Hopson MJ, Ueshima H, Curb JD, Shin C, et al. Stronger associations of sagittal abdominal diameter with atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions than waist circumference in middle-aged US white and Japanese men. Metabolism. 2010;59:1742-51.
Smith DA, Ness EM, Herbert R, Schechter CB, Phillips RA, Diamond JA, et al. Abdominal diameter index: a more powerful anthropometric measure for prevalent coronary heart disease risk in adult males. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005;7:370-80.
Stokic E, Brtka V, Srdic B. The synthesis of the rough set model for the better applicability of sagittal abdominal diameter in identifying high risk patients. Comput Biol Med. 2010;40:786-90.
Riedner CE, Rhoden EL, Ribeiro EP, Fuchs SC. Central obesity is an independent predictor of erectile dysfunction in older men. J Urol. 2006;176:1519-23.
Hoenig MR. MRI sagittal abdominal diameter is a stronger predictor of metabolic syndrome than visceral fat area or waist circumference in a high-risk vascular cohort. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2010;6:629-33.
Iribarren C, Darbinian JA, Lo JC, Fireman BH, Go AS. Value of the sagittal abdominal diameter in coronary heart disease risk assessment: cohort study in a large, multiethnic population. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164:1150-9.
Mukuddem-Petersen J, Snijder MB, Van Dam RM, Dekker JM, Bouter LM, Stehouwer CD, et al. Sagittal abdominal diameter: no advantage compared with other anthropometric measures as a correlate of components of the metabolic syndrome in elderly from the Hoorn Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:995-1002.
Paolini JM, Mancini J, Genestal M, Gonzalez H, McKay RE, Samii K, et al. Predictive value of abdominal obesity vs. body mass index for determining risk of intensive care unit mortality. Crit Care Med. 2010;38:1308-14.
Richelsen B, Pedersen SB. Associations between different anthropometric measurements of fatness and metabolic risk parameters in non-obese, healthy, middle-aged men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995;19:169-74.
Storti KL, Brach JS, FitzGerald SJ, Bunker CH, Kriska AM. Relationships among body composition measures in communitydwelling older women. Obesity. 2006;14:244-51.
Theorell-Haglöw J, Berne C, Janson C, Sahlin C, Lindberg E. Associations between short sleep duration and central obesity in women. Sleep. 2010;33:593-8.
Williamson DF, Kahn HS, Worthman CM, Burnette JC, Russell CM. Precision of recumbent anthropometry. Am J Hum Biol.1993;5:159-67.
Keller C, Chintapalli K, Lancaster J. Correlation of anthropometry with CT in Mexican-American women. Res Nurs Health. 1999;22:145-53.
Snijder MB, Visser M, Dekker JM, Seidell JC, Fuerst T, Tylavsky F, et al. The prediction of visceral fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the elderly: a comparison with computed tomography and anthropometry. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:984-93.
McCarthy A, Hughes R, Tilling K, Davies D, Davey Smith G, Ben-Shlomo Y. Birth weight; postnatal, infant, and childhood growth; and obesity in young adulthood: evidence from the Barry Caerphilly Growth Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:907-13.
Duarte Pimentel G, Portero-McLellan KC, Maestá N, Corrente JE, Burini RC. Accuracy of sagittal abdominal diameter as predictor of abdominal fat among Brazilian adults: a comparation with waist circumference. Nutr Hosp. 2010;25:656-61.
Hwu C, Hsiao C, Sheu WHH, Pei D, Tai T, Quertermous T, et al. Sagittal abdominal diameter is associated with insulin sensitivity in Chinese hypertensive patients and their siblings. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17:193-8.
Kullberg J, Von Below C, Lönn L, Lind L, Ahlström H, Johansson L. Practical approach for estimation of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2007;27:148-53.
Ohrvall M, Berglund L, Vessby B. Sagittal abdominal diameter compared with other anthropometric measurements in relation to cardiovascular risk. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:497-501.
Kamel EG, McNeill G, Han TS, Smith FW, Avenell A, Davidson L, et al. Measurement of abdominal fat by magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry in non-obese men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23:686-92.
Shen W, Punyanitya M, Wang Z, Gallagher D, St-Onge M, Albu J, et al. Visceral adipose tissue: relations between single-slice areas and total volume. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:271-8.
Shen W, Punyanitya M, Chen J, Gallagher D, Albu J, Pi-Sunyer X, et al. Visceral adipose tissue: relationships between single slice areas at different locations and obesity-related health risks. Int J Obes. 2006;31:763-9.
Klein S, Allison DB, Heymsfield SB, Kelley DE, Leibel RL, Nonas C, et al. Waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: a consensus statement from shaping America’s Health: Association for weight management and obesity prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:1197-202.
Sjöström L. A computer-tomography based multicompartment body composition technique and anthropometric predictions of lean body mass, total and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Int J Obes. 1991;15:19-30.
Turcato E, Bosello O, Di Francesco V, Harris TB, Zoico E, Bissoli L, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter as surrogates of body fat distribution in the elderly: their relation with cardiovascular risk factors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:1005-10.
Nordhamn K, Södergren E, Olsson E, Karlström B, Vessby B, Berglund L. Reliability of anthropometric measurements in overweight and lean subjects: consequences for correlations between anthropometric and other variables. Int J bes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:652-7.
Risérus U, De Faire U, Berglund L, Hellénius M. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a screening tool in clinical research: cutoffs for cardiometabolic risk. J Obes [Internet]. 2010 [citado 17 Feb 2011]. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798888.
Esta revista ha conseguido la validación para ser 