Relación entre el contenido nutricional y el número de técnicas promocionales presentes en los envases de alimentos industrializados dirigidos a niños en mercados y supermercados de Lima, Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.22.3.472Palabras clave:
Alimentos, Publicidad Directa al Consumidor, Etiquetado de Alimentos, Niño.Resumen
Introducción: Determinar si existe relación entre el contenido nutricional y el número de técnicas promocionales en los envases de alimentos industrializados para niños, disponible en mercados y supermercados de Lima, Perú.Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico usando muestreo por conveniencia. Se recolectaron alimentos industrializados (bebidas no alcohólicas, productos de pastelería, cereales, golosinas y bocaditos) de tres supermercados y dos mercados de Lima (Perú), entre Mayo y Junio del 2016. El contenido nutricional se clasificó según el Sistema de Semáforos de la Food Standards Agency (FSA) y la Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), mientras, las técnicas promocionales se evaluaron según el sistema de la Consumers International. Para evaluar las asociaciones de interés se usaron modelos de regresión lineal simple y Poisson.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 346 alimentos: 113 (32,7%) golosinas, 92 (26,6%) productos de pastelería, 54 (15,6%) bebidas no alcohólicas, 52 (15,0%) cereales, y 35 (10,1%) bocaditos. De 335 alimentos con información completa, 96,7% fueron no saludables. Los alimentos usaban en promedio 2,9 (DE: 1,2) técnicas promocionales. El uso de gráficas audaces (p<0,001) e imágenes (p=0,01) estuvo relacionado al contenido nutricional. A mayor número de técnicas promocionales se incrementó la probabilidad de ser un alimento no saludable (RP=1.02; IC95%: 1,01–1,04). Se encontró relación lineal positiva entre técnicas promocionales y niveles de calorías (β = 30,6; IC95% 14,9-46,3; p<0,001), sodio (β = 36,3; IC95% 16,2-56,3; p<0,001) y carbohidratos (β = 8,5; IC95% 6,3-10,6; p<0,001).
Conclusiones: Se encontró relación entre el contenido nutricional y el número de técnicas promocionales presente en los envases de alimentos industrializados dirigidos a niños.
Citas
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