Asociación de diversidad y calidad dietética con rendimiento cognitivo y probabilidades de enfermedad de Alzheimer: Estudio transversal.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.28.3.2144Palabras clave:
Índice de calidad dietética, Diversidad dietética, Índice de alimentación saludable, Enfermedad de AlzheimerResumen
Introducción. La evidencia científica propone que una dieta sana y diversa puede tener un papel fundamental en la preservación del rendimiento cerebral y cognitivo. Intentamos investigar la asociación entre la diversidad y la calidad de la dieta con el rendimiento cognitivo y las probabilidades de padecer la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
Metodología. Estudio transversal con 89 participantes (60 pacientes con Alzheimer y 29 individuos sanos) mayores de 60 años (38 hombres y 51 mujeres). Se utilizó un registro alimentario de tres días para evaluar la ingesta dietética de los participantes. La puntuación de diversidad dietética (DD) se examinó utilizando las directrices de la FAO (Organización para la Alimentación y la Agricultura) y la calidad de la dieta se evaluó mediante el índice de alimentación saludable (HEI) y el índice de calidad dietética (DQI). El rendimiento cognitivo se evaluó mediante el Mini-Mental State Test (MMSE).
Resultados. La puntuación DD fue significativamente menor en el grupo AD que en el grupo sano (p<0,001). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de HEI y DQI entre los grupos con EA y sanos (p>0,05). Hubo una asociación significativa entre la puntuación DD con la puntuación total del MMSE (β= 0,33, p=0,02), la memoria (β=0,35, p=0,02) y el lenguaje (β= 0,32, p=0,03). El IES se correlacionó positivamente con el cálculo (β= 0,32, p=0,02). Un DD alto redujo las probabilidades de EA en un 79% (OR: 0,21; IC del 95%: 0,10, 0,42; p<0,001) en un modelo multivariado.
Conclusión. Un DD alto puede estar asociado con un mejor estado cognitivo y una reducción de las probabilidades de padecer EA.
Financiamiento: Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Tabriz.
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