El efecto de la alimentación intuitiva y consciente sobre el control glucémico en personas con diabetes tipo 2: un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.27.4.1940Palabras clave:
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Hemoglobina Glucada, Obesidad, Alimentación IntuitivaResumen
Introducción. Los modelos de comportamiento alimentario como la alimentación intuitiva (IE) y la alimentación consciente (ME) han cobrado importancia recientemente por su papel en el control glucémico. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la alimentación intuitiva y la alimentación consciente en el tratamiento dietético de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e investigar su relación con el control glucémico y la obesidad.
Metodología. Se incluyeron un total de 153 pacientes diagnosticados de DM2 en al menos un año y con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 64 años. Las características descriptivas de los pacientes fueron obtenidas mediante entrevistas cara a cara y medidas antropométricas. Se utilizó la Escala de alimentación intuitiva 2 (IES-2) para evaluar los comportamientos alimentarios intuitivos y el Cuestionario de alimentación consciente (MEQ) para evaluar los comportamientos alimentarios conscientes.
Resultados. La puntuación total del IES-2 fue mayor en pacientes con DM2 que tenían un control glucémico inadecuado (p<0.05), y un aumento de un punto en el IES-2 aumentó la probabilidad de que el nivel de HbA1c estuviera por encima del 7 % en un 25.2 % (p <0.05). Hubo una correlación negativa moderada entre la puntuación total del MEQ y el peso corporal, el IMC, la circunferencia de la cintura y la relación cintura-talla en los pacientes con control glucémico adecuado (r=-0.526, r=-0.537, r=-0.506, r=-0.510, respectivamente; p<0.05). Hubo una débil correlación negativa entre la puntuación total del IES-2 y el IMC y entre la puntuación total del MEQ y el índice cintura-talla, triglicéridos y colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad en los pacientes con control glucémico inadecuado (r=-0.225, r=-0.224, r=-0.114, r=-0.178, respectivamente; p<0.05).
Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la alimentación intuitiva afecta negativamente el control glucémico en pacientes con DM2 y la alimentación consciente se asocia positivamente con el control del peso corporal, aunque no tiene un efecto directo sobre el control glucémico.
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