Efecto de la suplementación con vitaminas del complejo B sobre el declive cognitivo en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.27.1.1826Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Alzheimer, declive cognitivo, vitaminas del complejo B, metanálisisResumen
Introducción: el declive cognitivo es un marcador de la aparición y avance de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Actualmente, la modificación de factores de riesgo, como la nutrición, son promisorios para el tratamiento de la EA. El objetivo fue Identificar el efecto de la suplementación de vitaminas del complejo B sobre el declive cognitivo en pacientes con daño cognitivo o EA.
Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de la literatura en cinco buscadores (PROSPERO CRD42021247743). Se incluyeron experimentos controlados, en adultos de 60 o más años, con medición del estado cognitivo (ADAS-Cog, Clinical dementia ratin-CDR y/o Mini Mental State Examination-MMSE) y uso de suplementos de vitaminas del complejo B de manera individual o combinada con otras vitaminas o fármacos. La evaluación de la calidad se hizo con la herramienta RoB-2. La selección, extracción y evaluación se hizo por tres investigadores de manera independiente. El metaanálisis empleo la diferencia media y modelos de efectos aleatorios.
Resultados: la búsqueda arrojo 247 referencias y finalmente se incluyeron 12 para el metaanálisis. No se encontraron sesgos de publicación. La calidad de los estudios es adecuada. El suplemento de vitamina B no mostró efecto sobre el declive cognitivo medido por ADAS-Cog (DM 0.01 IC95% -0.7 a 0.72), CDR (DM –0.06 IC95% -0.48 a 0.36) y MMSE (DM 0.3 IC95% -0.01 a 0.61).
Conclusiones: el declive cognitivo es invariable ante la suplementación de vitaminas del complejo B en adultos con daño cognitivo o Enfermedad de Alzheimer. Futuras investigaciones deben enfocarse hacia estrategias multi intervención.
Palabras claves: Enfermedad de Alzheimer; declive cognitivo; vitaminas del complejo B; metaanálisis.
Financiación: Los autores/as declaran que no ha existido financiación para realizar este estudio.
Registro: PROSPERO CRD42021247743
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2020 Gustavo Alfonso Díaz Muñoz, Luis García Rairán, Valentina Corredor, María Angélica Cruz, Diana Useche , Fernanda Wilches, Laura Wilches
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