Conocimientos sobre el uso pesticidas y el consumo de frutas y legumbres en agricultores y consumidores en la provincia de Nador, Marruecos. Resultados de una encuesta.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.26.4.1708Palabras clave:
Plaguicidas, Residuos de Plaguicidas, Exposición a Plaguicidas, Medición de RiesgoResumen
Introducción: Los pesticidas se usan cada vez más en la agricultura para proteger los cultivos contra enfermedades, plagas de insectos, malezas, etc. Varios estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado una relación directa entre los residuos de plaguicidas en frutas y verduras y la contracción de enfermedades en humanos, siendo las más frecuentes las asociadas con problemas relacionados con la esterilidad, las alergias e incluso las enfermedades carcinogénicas. La concientización del consumidor y la aplicación de una legislación estricta sobre la aplicación de pesticidas en la agricultura siguen siendo una buena alternativa para enfrentar este problema.
Metodología: Esta encuesta se llevó a cabo en la región de Nador, al noreste de Marruecos. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo de una muestra representativa formada por 100 consumidores y 50 agricultores, en relación con las frutas y hortalizas y el uso de plaguicidas.
Resultados: La mayoría de los consumidores no son conscientes del peligro de los pesticidas y residuos en frutas y verduras. Además, la encuesta reveló que la papa, el tomate, la manzana y el plátano son los más consumidos. Estos alimentos suelen caracterizarse por una alta tasa de aplicación de plaguicidas y con una mayor tasa de residuos. Además, las encuestas realizadas a los agricultores revelaron que estos últimos tienen en cuenta el interés económico y agronómico de la aplicación de estos plaguicidas, pero no sus efectos residuales sobre la salud. Asimismo, se observó un alto nivel de esterilidad entre estos agricultores encuestados (31%).
Conclusiones: Los consumidores son menos concienciados respecto al peligro de estos plaguicidas. Las opciones de los agricultores sólo se acentúan en el aspecto del uso económico de estos productos y no en la salud y el medio ambiente.
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