Abuso de drogas y biomarcadores séricos nutricionales: Un estudio retrospectivo de cohorte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.25.2.1157Palabras clave:
Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias, Alcoholismo, Abuso de Marihuana, Trastornos Relacionados con Anfetaminas, Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides, Trastornos Relacionados con Cocaína, Transaminasas, Índices de Eritrocitos, Creatinina, Abuso de drogasResumen
Introducción: El abuso de drogas es un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Sus implicaciones en la salud humana son nocivas y comprometen el estado nutricional. Se ha demostrado que la desnutrición tiene una prevalencia moderada en los drogadictos y una prescripción nutricional es significativamente beneficiosa para estos pacientes. La literatura disponible sugiere datos bioquímicos de suero sanguíneo alterados en adictos a las drogas. Nuestro estudio se centró en los biomarcadores nutricionales del suero sanguíneo en adictos a las drogas que no tenían una evaluación o tratamiento nutricional. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los biomarcadores nutricionales del suero sanguíneo en sujetos diagnosticados con adicción a las drogas desde enero de 2010 hasta junio de 2020.
Material y métodos: La investigación fue de cohorte retrospectiva, analítica, observacional y se basó en una muestra de conveniencia. Los datos sobre AST, ALT, glucosa en ayunas, urea, creatinina, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicéridos y hemoglobina en suero sanguíneo se analizaron a partir de una base de datos de 103 sujetos diagnosticados con trastornos mentales y del comportamiento debido al uso de drogas y otros sustancias psicoactivas (CIE-10: F10-F19) en el Instituto de Neurociencias (INC). Las drogas consumidas fueron alcohol, cocaína, anfetaminas, MDNA, opioides, marihuana y drogas psicotrópicas.
Resultados: Las medianas de hemoglobina, colesterol total, HDL y creatinina difirieron estadísticamente entre sexos y grupos de edad. Hubo más casos de niveles bajos de hemoglobina en sangre e hiperglucemia en hombres (20,4 y 8,7%, respectivamente) que en mujeres (4,9% y 0%, respectivamente). Hubo niveles bajos de glucosa en ayunas en el 8,8% de nuestra muestra. Los niveles de creatinina sérica aumentaron significativamente en sujetos de 30 años o más.
Conclusiones: En nuestra muestra, hubo medianas estadísticamente diferentes de hemoglobina, colesterol total, HDL y creatinina entre grupos de sexo y edad en drogadictos. Todas las medianas estaban dentro del rango normal.
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Derechos de autor 2021 José Alejandro Valdevila Figueira, Alfonso Daniel Silva Ochoa, Alfonso Daniel Silva Ochoa, Rocío Valdevila Santiesteban, Diego Javier Estrella Almeida, Luz Maria Valencia Erazo, Andrea Katherine Orellana Manzano
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