Influencia de la administración de psicofármacos en el aumento del peso corporal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.17.1.4Palabras clave:
Ansioliticos, anticonvulsionantes, antidepresivos, antipsicóticos, estabilizadores del estado del ánimo, morbilidad, obesidad, psicofármacosResumen
La obesidad se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud pública, no sólo por su creciente prevalencia sino por las patologías asociadas. En efecto, hay un gran número de enfermedades cuyo riesgo de padecerlas se ve aumentado en aquellos sujetos que presentan exceso de peso: Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, dislipemias, tumores (endometrio, colon, mama, etc), trastornos del aparato locomotor, alteraciones digestivas, enfermedades cardiovasculares, alteraciones respiratorias, problemas psicológicos, alteraciones obstétricas y ginecológicas.
En España, el consumo de psicofármacos es importante y en los últimos años se ha incrementado. Muchos de los medicamentos utilizados en el tratamiento de la ansiedad, la depresión, el trastorno bipolar, la esquizofrenia, la epilepsia, pueden producir un aumento o disminución de peso. Estos efectos secundarios podrían agravar una situación previa de obesidad e incluso provocar una ganancia ponderal en pacientes que al comenzar el tratamiento presentan peso normal, con el riesgo y complicaciones asociadas. Esta acumulación de grasa inducida puede contribuir también a la falta de adherencia a la medicación y, por tanto, a posibles recaídas de estos enfermos.
En esta revisión se trata de precisar la relación entre psicofármacos y obesidad, así como los mecanismos potencialmente implicados.
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