Estudio transversal para determinar la relación entre el estado nutricional antropométrico de un grupo de mujeres lactantes de Medellín y el perfil de ácidos grasos de su leche materna madura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.24.4.797Palabras clave:
Leche Humana, Ácidos Grasos, Glándulas Mamarias Humanas, Antropometría, Índice de Masa Corporal.Resumen
Introducción: Los lípidos de la leche materna (LM) están constituidos por diferentes ácidos grasos (AG) de vital importancia para el bebé. El contenido y tipo de AG de la leche humana puede variar según las reservas de grasa maternas. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el estado nutricional antropométrico de un grupo de mujeres lactantes y el perfil de AG de su LM madura.
Material y métodos: El estudio fue descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. El estado nutricional se evaluó en 50 mujeres sanas, a quienes se les tomó una muestra de LM por extracción manual, con mínimo 1 mes de estar amamantando, residentes en Medellín, utilizando Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), Circunferencia de Cintura (CC), Circunferencia de Brazo (CB) y Circunferencia de Muslo Medio (CMM). Las muestras de LM fueron analizadas por cromatografía de gases.
Resultados: 26 (52 %) mujeres presentaron IMC entre sobrepeso y obesidad, 36 (72 %) CB > 27,1 cm, 32 (64 %) obesidad central según CC y 28 (56 %) presentó CMM > 50,1 cm. En cuanto a LM, los AG saturados arrojaron el mayor contenido 2,05 (0,77) g/100mL, y en los insaturados predominó el ácido linoléico 0,677 (0,31) g/100mL y sus isómeros 0,97 (0,58) g/100mL. No se encontró correlación significativa (p >0,05) entre IMC y el total de los AG saturados, monoinsaturados, poliinsaturados y grasa, aunque IMC se correlacionó (r = 0,281) con los AG saturados de cadena corta y media de la LM y de igual manera CB (r = 0,308) y CMM (r = 0,298).
Conclusiones: No se encontró correlación entre IMC y perfil de AG.La LM analizada tiene mayor cantidad de AG omega 6 y menor omega 3 respecto a las recomendaciones de ingesta en lactantes y la relación insaturados/saturados fue similar a otros estudios.
Citas
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