Esteroles vegetales para adultos con hipercolesterolemia tratada con o sin fármacos (estatinas)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.0.0.64Palabras clave:
Hipercolesterolemia, Fitoesteroles, Esteroles Vegetales, Alimento Funcional, Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasa, EstatinasResumen
La hipercolesterolemia es el factor de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuente en la población española. El 37,4% de la población adulta española presenta niveles de colesterol de entre 190 y 240 mg/dl. Los alimentos enriquecidos con esteroles vegetales (EV) pueden disminuir de forma efectiva el colesterol plasmático en pacientes con niveles elevados, sin embargo su efecto y seguridad en adultos con hipercolesterolemia moderada, tratados o no con fármacos (estatinas) ha sido menos estudiada. El objetivo de la presente revisión es establecer el posible papel de los esteroles vegetales en el control de la hipercolesterolemia, así como su seguridad en personas con hipercolesterolemia moderada tratada con estatinas. Se revisaron los principales estudios, sin limitación de diseño, lengua o fecha de publicación que relacionara “esteroles vegetales” e “hipercolesterolemia”, explotando las bases de datos Pubmed/Medline, SCOPUS y Google Scholar. Los estudios recuperados en la presente revisión muestran que el aporte de entre 2 y 3g/día de esteroles vegetales disminuyen de forma efectiva los niveles de colesterol plasmático en pacientes con hipercolesterolemia. Tanto los estudios clínicos como los metaanálisis disponibles no muestran problemas relacionados con la interacción fármaco-nutriente asociada al uso de alimentos enriquecidos con EV. En pacientes con hipercolesterolemia moderada en que no esté justificado el uso de estatinas, una alimentación saludable, actividad física y alimentos con EV, puede constituir el mejor acercamiento terapéutico.
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