Fortificación con fibra dietética como estrategia para aumentar la saciedad: ensayo aleatorizado doble ciego controlado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.24.4.1020Palabras clave:
Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición, Regulación del Apetito, Apetito, Saciedad, Respuesta de Saciedad, Escala Visual Analógica, Fibras de la Dieta, Desayuno, AdultoResumen
Introducción: Se ha descrito que las fibras dietéticas (FD) podrían tener efectos favorables en el control de sentimientos subjetivos relacionados a sensaciones postprandiales de apetito y saciedad, propiedad que en el contexto epidemiológico actual podrían ser beneficiosos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto agudo de 3 tipos de FD sobre la percepción subjetiva de sensaciones postprandiales.
Material y métodos: Estudio randomizado, doble ciego, controlado, cruzado. 21 sujetos sanos con índice de masa corporal entre 18.5-24.9 Kg/m2, fueron asignados aleatoriamente para consumir 4 desayunos separados por a lo menos 2 días. Los desayunos fueron fortificados con 3 g de: β-glucano de avena (BETA), pectinas de manzana (PECT), celulosa microcristalina (CELL) y maltodextrina como control (MALT). Los sentimientos subjetivos postprandiales se determinaron con una Encuesta Visual Análoga (EVA) antes del desayuno y a los 15, 30, 60, 90 y 120 min.
Resultados: En análisis de varianzas (ANOVA) mostró una diferencia significativa a los 15 minutos (p<0,05) en la percepción de saciedad subjetiva de los desayunos fortificados con pectina de manzana versus β-glucano de avena. β-glucano de avena produjo el menor efecto en la saciedad subjetiva (p<0,05). Un ANOVA de medidas repetidas no mostró efectos de los tipos de fibras adicionadas a los desayunos en el sentimiento subjetivo de apetito.
Conclusiones: Las pectinas de manzana parecen ser más efectiva que otros tipos de FD para aumentar la percepción subjetiva de saciedad y disminuir el apetito, especialmente en el periodo postprandial temprano.
Citas
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