Alteraciones del sueño y medidas antropométricas en estudiantes universitarios chilenos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.23.3.646Palabras clave:
Estado Nutricional, Sueño, Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño, Obesidad.Resumen
Introducción: El objetivo del estudio es comparar los hábitos de sueño, el insomnio y la somnolencia diurna en estudiantes universitarios según las medidas antropométricas.
Material y métodos: Diseño del estudio: un estudio transversal, se llevó a cabo en estudiantes universitarios utilizando la escala de somnolencia de Epworth, el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y el índice de severidad del insomnio. Además, se determinaron las variables antropométricas; peso, altura y circunferencia de la cintura.
Resultados: Fueron evaluados 1275 estudiantes universitarios (74% mujeres). Los estudiantes en promedio dormían a la medianoche y en promedio 6,4 horas, el 77,9% dormía menos de lo recomendado, el 34,2% tenía somnolencia diurna y el 68,5% tenía insomnio. Con respecto al insomnio, se observó que el grupo de bajo peso presentaba la puntuación más alta de insomnio que contrastaba significativamente con el grupo de peso normal (p = 0,04). En el caso de la somnolencia diurna al comparar por IMC, se observa que los estudiantes con obesidad son las que presentan la mayor somnolencia (p <0.01). Hay una asociación entre menos horas de sueño con mayor IMC (OR: 1,12 (IC95%1,01-1,991)) y presencia de insomnio (OR: 2,734 (IC95%:1,324-5,645).
Conclusión: los estudiantes universitarios duermen menos de lo recomendado, tienen una alta prevalencia de insomnio y somnolencia diurna excesiva, además, son las mujeres con obesidad presentan esta alteración con mayor frecuencia y se identifica el puntaje más alto de insomnio en estudiantes con bajo peso. Tanto un IMC elevado como el insomnio se asocian a sueño de corta cantidad.Citas
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