Factores asociados al no tratamiento farmacológico en brasileños con presión arterial elevada

Autores/as

  • Maritza Muñoz-Pareja Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Concepción, Chile
  • Mathias Roberto Loch Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Londrina, Brasil
  • Haydeé Vera-Jiménez Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Concepción, Chile
  • Ana Rigo Silva Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Londrina, Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.23.1.649

Palabras clave:

Presión Arterial, Tratamiento Farmacológico, Conducta Alimentaria, Estilo de Vida, Análisis Químico de la Sangre

Resumen

Introducción: Uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes y con rápido aumento en los países en vías de desarrollo es la hipertensión. En este estudio se determinaron los factores asociados al no tratamiento farmacológico en personas con presión arterial elevada.
Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 363 brasileños entre 40 y 98 años, pertenecientes al estudio VIGICARDIO, Brasil. Para asociar la presión arterial elevada a factores sociodemográficos y de salud de personas sin tratamiento farmacológico se utilizó regresión logística.
Resultados: La probabilidad de tener presión arterial elevada sin tratamiento farmacológico fue mayor en hombres (OR:3,3; IC95%:1,9–5,8), menores de 60 años (OR:1,9; IC95%:1,0–1,5), con buena percepción de la salud (OR:2,3; IC95%:1,3–3,9), con peso normal (OR:2,1; IC95%:1,2–3,8), no diabéticos (OR:21,4; IC95%:2,97–159,8), con consumo abusivo de alcohol (OR:2,9; IC95%:1,5–5,7), que comían verduras o legumbres 4 veces o menos a la semana (OR:2,26; IC95%:1,1–3,8), que consumían la carne con grasa (OR:2,1; IC95%:1,2–3,6), y que tenían una presión arterial sistólica ≥90mm/Hg (OR:3,1; IC95%:1,8–5,6). No obstante, aquellos con triglicéridos ≥150mm/dL (OR:0,6; IC95%:0,3–0,9), y con high density lipoprotein ≤45mm/dL (OR:0,5; IC95%:0,3–0,8) mostraron menor probabilidad de estar sin tratamiento.
Conclusiones: Aquellos sin tratamiento farmacológico tuvieron menos obesidad o diabetes, pero peor estilo de vida y conductas alimentarias. Los servicios sanitarios deben fortalecer capacidades diagnósticas.

Biografía del autor/a

Maritza Muñoz-Pareja, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Concepción, Chile

Facultad de Medicina

Mathias Roberto Loch, Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Londrina, Brasil

Departamento de Educação Física

Haydeé Vera-Jiménez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Concepción, Chile

Facultad de Medicina

Ana Rigo Silva, Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Londrina, Brasil

Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva

Citas

(1) Joshi SR, Saboo B, Vadivale M, Dani SI, Mithal A, Kaul U, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and hypertension in India--results from the Screening India’s Twin Epidemic (SITE) study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14(1):8-15.

(2) Barron S, Balanda K, Hughes J, Fahy L. National and subnational hypertension prevalence estimates for the Republic of Ireland: better outcome and risk factor data are needed to produce better prevalence estimates. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:24.

(3) Noor SK, Elsugud NA, Bushara SO, Elmadhoun WM, Ahmed MH. High prevalence of hypertension among an ethnic group in Sudan: implications for prevention. Ren Fail. 2016;38(3):352-6.

(4) Minelli C, Borin LA, Trovo M de C, Dos Reis GC. Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness and Blood Pressure Control in Matao, Brazil: A Pilot Study in Partnership With the Brazilian Family Health Strategy Program. J Clin Med Res. 2016;8(7):524-30.

(5) Mendes T de AB, Goldbaum M, Segri NJ, Barros MB de A, César CLG, Carandina L. Factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among elderly residents of São Paulo city, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2013;29(11):2275-86.

(6) Almeida RC, Dias DJL, Deguchi KTP, Spesia CH, Coelho OR. Prevalence and treatment of hypertension in urban and riverside areas in Porto Velho, the Brazilian Amazon. Postgrad Med. 2015;127(1):66-72.

(7) Picon RV, Fuchs FD, Moreira LB, Fuchs SC. Prevalence of hypertension among elderly persons in urban Brazil: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(4):541-8.

(8) Ribeiro TS, Carvalho DP, Guimarães MT, Campina NN, Lobarinhas MR, Lopes ALJ, et al. Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in contaminated areas of the Santos-São Vicente Estuarine region and Bertioga, Brazil: 2006-2009. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016;23(19):19387-96.

(9) Baldisserotto J, Kopittke L, Nedel FB, Takeda SP, Mendonça CS, Sirena SA, et al. Socio-demographic caracteristics and prevalence of risk factors in a hypertensive and diabetics population: a cross-sectional study in primary health care in Brazil. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:573.

(10) Ortega Anta RM, Jiménez Ortega AI, Perea Sánchez JM, Cuadrado Soto E, López Sobaler AM. Pautas nutricionales en prevención y control de la hipertensión arterial. Nutr Hosp. 2016;33(Suppl 4):347.

(11) Patel P, Ordunez P, DiPette D, Escobar MC, Hassell T, Wyss F, et al. Mejor control de la presión arterial para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares: Proyecto de Prevención y Tratamiento Estandarizado de la Hipertensión Arterial. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 8 de junio de 2017;41:1.

(12) Xiaohui Hou null. Urban-rural disparity of overweight, hypertension, undiagnosed hypertension, and untreated hypertension in China. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2008;20(2):159-69.

(13) Mosca I, Kenny RA. Exploring differences in prevalence of diagnosed, measured and undiagnosed hypertension: the case of Ireland and the United States of America. Int J Public Health. 2014;59(5):759-67.

(14) Rhoades DA, Buchwald D. Hypertension in older urban Native-American primary care patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(6):774-81.

(15) Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão, Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95(1 supl. 1):1-51.

(16) Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisas. Critério de classificação econômica. São Paulo: ABEP; 2014.

(17) Bertolazi AN, Fagondes SC, Hoff LS, Dartora EG, Miozzo IC da S, de Barba MEF, et al. Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep Med. 2011;12(1):70-5.

(18) Ministério da Saúde Brasil, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Vigitel Brasil 2011: Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde; 2012.

(19) Mendoza Montano C, Fort M, deRamirez M, Cruz J, Ramirez-Zea M. Evaluation of a pilot hypertension management programme for Guatemalan adults. Health Promot Int. 2016;31(2):363-74.

(20) Fort MP, Murillo S, López E, Dengo AL, Alvarado-Molina N, de Beausset I, et al. Impact evaluation of a healthy lifestyle intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in health centers in San José, Costa Rica and Chiapas, Mexico. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:577.

(21) Ostlin P, Eckermann E, Mishra US, Nkowane M, Wallstam E. Gender and health promotion: a multisectoral policy approach. Health Promot Int. 2006;21 Suppl 1:25-35.

(22) Fort MP, Castro M, Peña L, López Hernández SH, Arreola Camacho G, Ramírez-Zea M, et al. Opportunities for involving men and families in chronic disease management: a qualitative study from Chiapas, Mexico. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1019.

(23) Ko Y, Boo S. Self-perceived health versus actual cardiovascular disease risks. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2016;13(1):65-74.

(24) Chen Y, While AE, Hicks A. Self-rated health and associated factors among older people living alone in Shanghai. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015;15(4):457-64.

(25) Ocampo JM. Self-rated health: Importance of use in elderly adults. Colomb Med. 2010;41(3):275-289-289.

(26) Freidoony L, Chhabi R, Kim CS, Park MB, Kim C-B. The components of self-perceived health in the Kailali district of Nepal: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(3):3215-31.

(27) Nguyen T, Lau DCW. The obesity epidemic and its impact on hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2012;28(3):326-33.

(28) Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Danaei G, Lin JK, Paciorek CJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9•1 million participants. Lancet. 2011;377(9765):557-67.

(29) Sahay BK. API-ICP Guidelines on Diabetes 2007. J Assoc Physicians India. 2007;55:1-50.

(30) World Health Organization. Global health risks : mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Ginebra: World Health Organization; 2009. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44203

(31) Lima DF de, Lima LA, Luiz O do C. Daily physical activity of Brazilian carriers of arterial hypertension: a transversal analysis. Colomb Med. 2017;48(2):82-87-87.

(32) Kokubo Y. Prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases: a comparison of lifestyle factors in Westerners and East Asians. Hypertension. 2014;63(4):655-60.

(33) Okubo Y, Sairenchi T, Irie F, Yamagishi K, Iso H, Watanabe H, et al. Association of alcohol consumption with incident hypertension among middle-aged and older Japanese population: the Ibarakai Prefectural Health Study (IPHS). Hypertension. 2014;63(1):41-7.

(34) Scheltens T, Beulens JW, Verschuren WMM, Boer JM, Hoes AW, Grobbee DE, et al. Awareness of hypertension: will it bring about a healthy lifestyle? J Hum Hypertens. 2010;24(9):561-7.

(35) Bazzano LA, Green T, Harrison TN, Reynolds K. Dietary approaches to prevent hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(6):694-702.

(36) Weschenfelder Magrini D, Gue Martini J. Hipertensión arterial: principales factores de riesgo modificables en la estrategia salud de la familia. Enferm Glob. 2012;11(26):344-53.

(37) Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. HIPERDIA - Sistema de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Hipertensos e Diabéticos [Internet]. DATASUS. [citado 5 de agosto de 2018]. Disponible en: http://datasus.saude.gov.br/sistemas-e-aplicativos/epidemiologicos/hiperdia

(38) Ohta Y, Matsumura K, Tsuchihashi T, Ohtsubo T, Arima H, Miwa Y, et al. Improvement of blood pressure control in a hypertension clinic in Japan: a 15-year follow-up study. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2009;31(7):553-9.

(39) Papadakis JA, Mikhailidis DP, Vrentzos GE, Kalikaki A, Kazakou I, Ganotakis ES. Effect of antihypertensive treatment on plasma fibrinogen and serum HDL levels in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2005;11(2):139-46.

(40) Campo C, Segura J, Roldán C, Alcázar JM, Rodicio JL, Ruilope LM. Doxazosin GITS versus hydrochlorothiazide as add-on therapy in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Blood Press Suppl. 2003;2:16-21.

(41) Choudhury KN, Mainuddin AKM, Wahiduzzaman M, Islam SMS. Serum lipid profile and its association with hypertension in Bangladesh. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2014;10:327-32.

(42) Kansui Y, Ibaraki A, Goto K, Haga Y, Seki T, Takiguchi T, et al. Trends in blood pressure control and medication use during 20 years in a hypertension clinic in Japan. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2016;38(3):299-304.

Publicado

2019-07-08

Cómo citar

Muñoz-Pareja, M., Loch, M. R., Vera-Jiménez, H., & Silva, A. R. (2019). Factores asociados al no tratamiento farmacológico en brasileños con presión arterial elevada. Revista Española De Nutrición Humana Y Dietética, 23(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.23.1.649