Suplementación en gestantes con ácido docosahexaenoico y su efecto en los procesos cognitivos infantiles: revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • Yordanis Enríquez-Canto Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae. Lima, Perú. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-5015
  • Giovani Díaz-Gervasi Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae. Lima, Perú. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2505-2689
  • Daniel Crisóstomo-Robles Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae. Lima, Perú. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-688X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.23.3.637

Palabras clave:

Ácidos Grasos, Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante, Mujeres Embarazadas, Procesos Mentales, Revisión.

Resumen

Introducción: El ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) se deposita en regiones cerebrales e interviene en la funcionalidad neuronal. Debido a esta importante participación se considera medular en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central. El objetivo fue analizar los resultados de estudios sobre la influencia de la suplementación con ácido docosahexaenoico en gestantes sobre los procesos cognitivos de sus hijos.
Material y Métodos: Revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorizados con suplementación con DHA en embarazadas considerando los lineamientos del grupo Cochrane. Se buscaron artículos en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus y la Biblioteca Cochrane desde enero del 2003 a mayo 2018. Se eligieron estudios que compararon los efectos de la suplementación en embarazadas con los del placebo respecto a evaluaciones de los procesos cognitivos. Se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo de los mismos con la herramienta de colaboración Cochrane.
Resultados: Se hallaron 147 artículos científicos eligiéndose 10 que tuvieron como características metodológicas el ser de doble ciego aleatorizados. Los estudios involucraron 4506 gestantes entre las 15 y 21 semanas y 2045 niños. La suplementación se dió entre la semana quince y los tres meses después del parto. Los niños fueron evaluados desde el año y medio hasta los cuatro años. Se utilizaron seis instrumentos y dos baterías de ejecución para medir 19 procesos cognitivos. Solamente dos de los estudios reportaron diferencias significativas entre los sujetos del grupo control y experimental. Debido a la heterogeneidad entre los estudios en relación a los tamaños muestrales, las dosis y a la forma de medir la variable de interés no fue posible realizar metaanálisis.
Conclusiones: Resulta insuficiente la evidencia científica para afirmar o negar un efecto positivo de la suplementación temprana con DHA en los procesos cognitivos infantiles. La recomendación del uso de suplementos con DHA durante el período gestacional para favorecerlos no se encuentra justificada.

Biografía del autor/a

Yordanis Enríquez-Canto, Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae. Lima, Perú.

Prof. Asociado de Ética, Deontología y Bioética

Jefe del Departamento de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud

Títulos académicos:

2009 Doctorado de Investigación en Bioética (PhD) Roma Universidad Católica del Sacro Cuore – Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía

2001 Licenciado en Pedagogía, especialidad Biología La Habana - Universidad de La Habana – Facultad de Ciencias Naturales

Sector profesional e intereses académicos:

Bioeticista. Experto en el área de la consulencia genética, biojurídica y discapacidad. Postergación de la fecundidad.

Publicaciones:

Enríquez-Canto, Yordanis, Katherine Ortiz-Romaní, and Yonathan Ortiz-Montalvo. "Analysis of proximate determinants and impact of type of employment on fertility in peruvian women." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (2017).

Enríquez Canto Y. “Approccio localistico e bioetica deliberativa. Limiti e interrogativi", in Medicina e Morale, Rivista Internazionale di Bioetica, 1 (2014) pp. 95-115

Enríquez Canto Y. "At the root of wrongful life: the link between suffering and "harmed conditions", in Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai-Bioethica 2 (2013): 39-57

Enríquez Canto Y. “Informazione Genetica, Danno da Procreazione e Disabilità. Aggiornamenti Concettuali sull’Eugenetica”, in MEDIC Vol 20, 2 (2012) pp. 100-112

Enríquez Canto Y. “Latin American Bioethics as Democratic Dialogue. Critical Considerations”, in STUDIA UBB BIOETHICA, LVII, 1 ( 2012) pp. 9-24

Enríquez Canto Y. “¿Ética vs. Bioética?”, in Chacón N. et al. Dimensión ética de la educación cubana. La Habana: Editorial Pueblo y Educación; 2002 pp. 7-11

Giovani Díaz-Gervasi, Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae. Lima, Perú.

Magíster en Psicología clínica. Profesor asociado de Psicología de la Salud. Psicoteraéuta.

Daniel Crisóstomo-Robles, Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae. Lima, Perú.

Licenciado en Nutrición y dietética.

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Publicado

2019-09-27

Cómo citar

Enríquez-Canto, Y., Díaz-Gervasi, G., & Crisóstomo-Robles, D. (2019). Suplementación en gestantes con ácido docosahexaenoico y su efecto en los procesos cognitivos infantiles: revisión sistemática. Revista Española De Nutrición Humana Y Dietética, 23(3), 136–152. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.23.3.637